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# gmtvector

gmtvector - Basic manipulation of Cartesian vectors

## Synopsis

gmtvector [ table ] [ -Am[conf]|vector ] [ -C[i|o] ] [ -E ] [ -N ] [ -Svector ] [ -Ta|d|D|paz|r[arg|R|s|x] ] [ -V[level] ] [ -b[i|o][ncol][type][w][+L|+B] ] [ -f[i|o]colinfo ] [ -g[a]x|y|d|X|Y|D|[col]z[+|-]gap[u] ] [ -h[i|o][n][+c][+d][+rremark][+rtitle] ] [ -icols[l][sscale][ooffset][,...] ] [ -ocols[,...] ] [ -:[i|o] ]

Note: No space is allowed between the option flag and the associated arguments.

## Description

gmtvector reads either (x, y), (x, y, z), (r, theta) or (lon, lat) [or (lat,lon); see -:] coordinates from the first 2-3 columns on standard input [or infiles]. If -fg is selected and only two items are read (i.e., lon, lat) then these coordinates are converted to Cartesian three-vectors on the unit sphere. Otherwise we expect (r, theta) unless -Ci is in effect. If no file is found we expect a single vector to be given as argument to -A; this argument will also be interpreted as an x/y[/z], lon/lat, or r/theta vector. The input vectors (or the one provided via -A) are denoted the prime vector(s). Several standard vector operations (angle between vectors, cross products, vector sums, and vector rotations) can be selected; most require a single second vector, provided via -S. The output vectors will be converted back to (lon, lat) or (r, theta) unless -Co is set which requests (x, y[, z]) Cartesian coordinates.

## Required Arguments

None.

## Optional Arguments

table
  One or more ASCII [or binary, see -bi] file containing lon,lat [lat,lon if -:] values in the first 2 columns (if -fg is given) or (r, theta), or perhaps (x, y[, z]) if -Ci is given). If no file is specified, gmtvector, will read from standard input.
-Am[conf]|vector
  Specify a single, primary vector instead of reading infiles; see infiles for possible vector formats. Alternatively, append m to read infiles and set the single, primary vector to be the mean resultant vector first. We also compute the confidence ellipse for the mean vector (azimuth of major axis, major axis, and minor axis; for geographic data the axes will be reported in km). You may optionally append the confidence level in percent [95]. These three parameters are reported in the final three output columns.
-C[i|o]
  Select Cartesian coordinates on input and output. Append i for input only or o for output only; otherwise both input and output will be assumed to be Cartesian [Default is polar r/theta for 2-D data and geographic lon/lat for 3-D].
-E
  Convert input geographic coordinates from geodetic to geocentric and output geographic coordinates from geocentric to geodetic. Ignored unless -fg is in effect, and is bypassed if -C is selected.
-N
  Normalize the resultant vectors prior to reporting the output [No normalization]. This only has an effect if -Co is selected.
-S[vector]
  Specify a single, secondary vector in the same format as the first vector. Required by operations in -T that need two vectors (average, bisector, dot product, cross product, and sum).
-Ta|d|D|paz|s|r[arg|R|x]
  Specify the vector transformation of interest. Append a for average, b for the pole of the two points bisector, d for dot product (use D to get angle in degrees between the two vectors), paz for the pole to the great circle specified by input vector and the circle’s az (no second vector used), s for vector sum, rpar for vector rotation (here, par is a single angle for 2-D Cartesian data and lon/lat/angle for a 3-D rotation pole and angle), R will instead rotate the fixed secondary vector by the rotations implied by the input records, and x for cross-product. If -T is not given then no transformation takes place; the output is determined by other options such as -A, -C, -E, and -N.

-V[level] (more ...)
  Select verbosity level [c].

-bi[ncols][type] (more ...)
  Select binary input. [Default is 2 or 3 input columns].

-f[i|o]colinfo (more ...)
  Specify data types of input and/or output columns.

-g[a]x|y|d|X|Y|D|[col]z[+|-]gap[u] (more ...)
  Determine data gaps and line breaks.

-h[i|o][n][+c][+d][+rremark][+rtitle] (more ...)
  Skip or produce header record(s).

-icols[l][sscale][ooffset][,...] (more ...)
  Select input columns.

-ocols[,...] (more ...)
  Select output columns.

-:[i|o] (more ...)
  Swap 1st and 2nd column on input and/or output.

-^
  Print a short message about the syntax of the command, then exits (NOTE: on Windows use just -).
+
  Print an extensive usage (help) message, including the explanation of any module-specific option (but not the GMT common options), then exits.
-?
  Print a complete usage (help) message, including the explanation of options, then exits.
--version
  Print GMT version and exit.
--show-datadir
  Print full path to GMT share directory and exit.

## Ascii Format Precision

The ASCII output formats of numerical data are controlled by parameters in your gmt.conf file. Longitude and latitude are formatted according to FORMAT_GEO_OUT, whereas other values are formatted according to FORMAT_FLOAT_OUT. Be aware that the format in effect can lead to loss of precision in the output, which can lead to various problems downstream. If you find the output is not written with enough precision, consider switching to binary output (-bo if available) or specify more decimals using the FORMAT_FLOAT_OUT setting.

## Examples

Suppose you have a file with lon, lat called points.txt. You want to compute the spherical angle between each of these points and the location 133/34. Try

>     gmt gmtvector points.txt -S133/34 -TD -fg > angles.txt

To rotate the same points 35 degrees around a pole at 133/34, and output Cartesian 3-D vectors, use

>     gmt gmtvector points.txt -Tr133/34 -Co -fg > reconstructed.txt

To rotate the point 65/33 by all rotations given in file rots.txt, use

>     gmt gmtvector rots.txt -TR -S64/33 -fg > reconstructed.txt

To compute the cross-product between the two Cartesian vectors 0.5/1/2 and 1/0/0.4, and normalizing the result, try

>     gmt gmtvector -A0.5/1/2 -Tx -S1/0/0.4 -N -C > cross.txt

To rotate the 2-D vector, given in polar form as r = 2 and theta = 35, by an angle of 120, try

>     gmt gmtvector -A2/35 -Tr120 > rotated.txt

To find the mid-point along the great circle connecting the points 123/35 and -155/-30, use

>     gmt gmtvector -A123/35 -S-155/-30 -Ta -fg > midpoint.txt

To find the mean location of the geographical points listed in points.txt, with its 99% confidence ellipse, use

>     gmt gmtvector points.txt -Am99 -fg > centroid.txt

To find the pole corresponding to the great circle that goes through the point -30/60 at an azimuth of 105 degrees, use

>     gmt gmtvector -A-30/60 -Tp105 -fg > pole.txt

## Rotations

For more advanced 3-D rotations as used in plate tectonic reconstructions, see the GMT “spotter” supplement.

## See Also

gmt, project, mapproject

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