CLMHORMAJ           Carey calculations can be computed with antennas using a    vertical pattern by either of two methods:                                                                              Major Lobe - Use the major lobe gain in the vertical plane.              This will use the maximum ERP on each azimuth.                                                             Horizontal - Use the power in the horizontal plane.  This                will reduce the ERP according to the electrical             or mechanical beam tilt on each azimuth.                                                                   Be sure the method you select is consistent and accepted    for your application.                                                                                                   
CHLPMSL             Note that receive antenna is specified as a height above    mean sea level (MSL).  This is allowed, but the height you  specified indicates you may intend the value to be above    ground level (AGL).  Please be sure you have specifed the   correct measurement reference.                                                                                          
CHELPPCT            The coverage reliability value (expressed in percent)       indicates the percentage of locations where a signal will beat or above the specified field strength. The program will  read the field strength value file and determine the maximumdistance from the site where this percentage of the computedfield strength values meets or exceeds the specified contourvalue (up to the maximum distance for computed fields for   the radial.                                                                                                             Earlier versions of this program used a fixed value of 100%,meaning that the computed distance to a contour value       indicated the range for which ALL computed field strength   values were at or above the specified contour value.                                                                    Note that if the field strength calculations in the field   strength file were started on the radials at a significant  distance from the site, the percent coverage reliability    calculated by this program will be significantly distorted  and should be used with great care.                                                                                     
CLMFRQ              This frequency is beyond the nominal ranges for the Carey   curves in Part 22 of the FCC Rules.  The nominal ranges for the curves in Section 22.504 are:                                                                                           35-162 MHz (Figure 1 & Figure 2)                           450-460 MHz (Figure 3 & Figure 4)                                                                                    Carey curve calculations for other frequencies will be      computed as follows:                                                                                                         Frequency          Carey Curves Used                        ---------          -----------------                      BELOW 300 MHz       Figure 1 & Figure 2                     300 MHz & ABOVE     Figure 3 & Figure 4                                                                              
CHELPSMR            This program uses the f(50,50) and f(50,10) curves from Part73 of the FCC Rules to compute broadcast (FM and TV) field  strength information.                                                                                                   These curves are also used for other applications, such as  SMR (Specialized Mobile Radio, Part 90), by derating the    computed curve value by nine (9) dB. For example, to computethe 40 dBu contour for an SMR application, the Part 73      curves are read for 49 dBu.                                                                                             If you want to compute the field strength for a broadcast   facility by reading the actual values from the curves,      select "Broadcast." If you want the SMR value, select "SMR" and the specified value will be printed on the output, but  the curve value read will 9 dB above that value.                                                                        
CHELP1              The facility description allows you to enter and save a 40  character description of the antenna type, transmitter      power, etc., to describe the facilities corresponding to thefield strength values and/or contours being computed.  This label will be printed with the tabulation of the computed   field strengths.                                                                                                        
CHELP2              Enter the frequency (in MHz) of the proposed transmitter.                                                               
CHELP3              This must be a valid FM (200-300) or TV (2-69) channel as   defined in Part 73 of the FCC Rules.                                                                                    
CHELP4              This is the Effective Radiated Power of the transmitting    antenna.  The ERP is the product of the transmitter power   output and the antenna gain in the major lobe, minus        transmission line losses, connector losses, etc.  You can   change the power units (kW, W, dBk, dBm, etc.) in the systemconfiguration screen, accessible from any menu screen.                                                                  
CHELP5              Enter the system of units (British or metric) to be used    during this session.  To change the default units, use the  (C)onfig screen.                                                                                                        
CHELP7              This program has the capability of reading a file which     contains the relative field values of a directional antenna (DA).  These DA relative field values are then included in  the  process of calculating the distances to contours on thepertinent azimuths.                                                                                                     The file with the DA relative field values is generated by  the "Directional Antenna Input" program.                                                                                Contours may be computed for the same site and topographic  data but different antenna patterns by specifying different antenna files.                                                                                                          
CHELP8              Enter the contour value to be computed during this session.                                                             
CHELP9              Enter the FCC curve value to be used for these calculations.Enter "50" for the f(50,50) curves, or "10" for the f(50,10)curves.                                                                                                                 
CHELP10             Enter the distance from the transmitter site where you want to START the field strength calculations on each radial, themaximum distance to calculate the field strength on each    radial (the STOP distance) and the distance increment for   the intermediate points (the STEP distance).                                                                            The field strength calculations will begin at the specified START distance on each radial. The STEP distance will be    added and the field strength computed for additional points until the STOP distance is reached.                                                                                     (If the START distance is less than 10% of the STOP         distance, the free space field at one additional point will be computed on each radial. This point, at a distance of    0.01 miles from the transmitter site is included to better  approximate the field strength in the immediate vicinity of the transmitter site.)                                                                                                  Note that any gridding and contouring functions will be     affected if you specify a START distance more that a few    miles or kilometers from the transmitter site. For example, if you specify a START distance of 10 miles and a STOP      distance of 25 miles, the program will compute the 15 mile  wide "ring" around the site. Any gridding or contour        calculations less than 10 miles from the site would be      unreliable. In a case like this, you should always specify aSTART distance less than the beginning of the inner edge of the "ring," such as 8 miles in this example.                                                                            The calculations will cover the given radius from the site. If you wish to compute and plot field strength  for a squarearea, you should specify a START distance near the site. TheSTOP distance should be equal to the desired distance times the square root of two to be sure that sample field         calculations are computed for the "corner" areas of the     square area.                                                                                                            If you want to compute the field ONLY at the end of each    radial (for example, if the elevation data for the radial(s)was retrieved using target coordinates), enter a value of 0 for the start, stop, and step distance.                                                                                 
CHELP11             Enter the number of field calculations per radiala single field value at the distance specified is desired,  enter "1".  For any other value, the number of points are   evenly distributed from the site to the desired distance.   Note that each radial will include an additional calculationat 0.01 mile (0.016 km). This value provides values close tothe site for three-dimensional field strength plots, and forinterpolating contours near the site.                                                                                              
CHELP12             This program is used to compute free space field and terrainobstruction path loss from terrain data stored in a data    file. However, computing the path  obstruction loss for     every point in the data file will usually result in         inaccurate cumulative loss figures. If the elevation data   file is set up with  data points every tenth of a mile (0.1 mile), the nearby points on either  side of a peak will alsoindicate a computed loss, resulting in an exaggerated       cumulative loss.                                                                                                        For example, the computed loss values around a peak at 5.3  miles might indicate the following:                                                                                               Distance      Elevation     Path Loss                        5.1 mi         6320          -0.5 dB                        5.2 mi         6340          -1.2 dB                        5.3 mi         6370          -3.1 dB                        5.4 mi         6350          -1.4 dB                        5.5 mi         6300          -0.2 dB                                                     -------                                         Total loss  -6.4 dB                                                                                                                                     If the program treats each data point independently as a    knife edge peak, the  results will be inaccurate. Normally, careful engineering analysis is  necessary to determine the realistic losses expected on such a path.  In this  example,it would be reasonable to select only the actual peak       elevation at  5.3 miles, and consider the loss to be        approximately 3 to 3.5 dB.                                                                                              This Bullington field strength program provides a degree of automation of the  process of computing losses and the      resulting field strength value (free  space field less      obstruction losses). In order to avoid the exaggerated loss values described above, the user enters a value for the     minimum distance  between obstructions.                                                                                 This distance is used by the program to determine which     computed loss values (from points in the file) should be    included in the cumulative loss figure, and which should be ignored. Attenuation values are ignored if the point is lessthan this distance from a point with higher attenuation.                                                                For instance, suppose the path described above includes     additional loss  calculations for additional elevation data points:                                                                                                                           Distance      Elevation     Path Loss                        5.1 mi         6320          -0.5 dB                        5.2 mi         6340          -1.2 dB                        5.3 mi         6370          -3.1 dB                        5.4 mi         6350          -1.4 dB                        5.5 mi         6300          -0.2 dB                                                                                    6.0 mi         6000          -0.3 dB                        6.1 mi         6100          -1.0 dB                        6.2 mi         6200          -2.5 dB                        6.3 mi         6300          -3.0 dB                        6.4 mi         6150          -2.0 dB                        6.5 mi         6050          -0.8 dB                                                     -------                                         Total loss  -16.0 dB                                                                                                                                    If a minimum distance between obstructions is specified as  1.0 mile,  the program will first consider the maximum loss value (-3.1 dB at 5.3  miles), and ignore computed loss     values which are located less than the  minimum of 1.0 mile from that peak. The additional -3.0 dB loss at 6.3 miles    would be included in the loss calculations, for a total of  -6.1 dB.                                                                                                                The user may try various "minimum distance between          obstruction" values as are  appropriate for the terrain     under study.  For example, specifying an  extremely high    value can force the program to include only the single      largest  loss on the path. Specifying a smaller distance    will allow the program to  include several loss values for  multiple peaks in a rugged area.                                                                                        These calculations yield an approximate received value.     Paths of critical  importance should be evaluated in more   detail.                                                                                                                 
CHELP1239           This distance is used by the program to determine which     computed loss values (from points in the file) should be    included in the cumulative loss figure, and which should be ignored. Attenuation values are ignored if the point is lessthan this distance from a point with higher attenuation.                                                                For instance, suppose the path described above includes     additional loss  calculations for additional elevation data points:                                                                                                                           Distance      Elevation     Path Loss                        5.1 mi         6320          -0.5 dB                        5.2 mi         6340          -1.2 dB                        5.3 mi         6370          -3.1 dB                        5.4 mi         6350          -1.4 dB                        5.5 mi         6300          -0.2 dB                                                                                    6.0 mi         6000          -0.3 dB                        6.1 mi         6100          -1.0 dB                        6.2 mi         6200          -2.5 dB                        6.3 mi         6300          -3.0 dB                        6.4 mi         6150          -2.0 dB                        6.5 mi         6050          -0.8 dB                                                     -------                                         Total loss  -16.0 dB                                                                                                                                    If a minimum distance between obstructions is specified as  1.0 mile,  the program will first consider the maximum loss value (-3.1 dB at 5.3  miles), and ignore computed loss     values which are located less than the  minimum of 1.0 mile from that peak. The additional -3.0 dB loss at 6.3 miles    would be included in the loss calculations, for a total of  -6.1 dB.                                                                                                                The user may try various "minimum distance between          obstruction" values as are  appropriate for the terrain     under study.  For example, specifying an  extremely high    value can force the program to include only the single      largest  loss on the path. Specifying a smaller distance    will allow the program to  include several loss values for  multiple peaks in a rugged area.                                                                                        These calculations yield an approximate received value.     Paths of critical  importance should be evaluated in more   detail.                                                                                                                 
CHELP12A            This method of computing cumulative path attenuation values is based on points of inflection in the attenuation         calculations, i.e., points where increasing attenuation     begins to decrease.                                                                                                     For example, the computed loss values along a portion of a  path might be as follows:                                                                                                         Distance      Elevation     Path Loss                        5.1 mi         6320          -0.5 dB                        5.2 mi         6340          -1.2 dB                        5.3 mi         6370          -3.1 dB                        5.4 mi         6350          -1.4 dB                        5.5 mi         6300          -0.2 dB                        5.6 mi         6285          -0.1 dB                        5.7 mi         6220          -0.1 dB                        5.8 mi         6110           0.0 dB                        5.9 mi         6050          -0.3 dB                        6.0 mi         6000          -0.5 dB                        6.1 mi         6100          -1.0 dB                        6.2 mi         6200          -2.5 dB                        6.3 mi         6300          -3.0 dB                        6.4 mi         6150          -2.0 dB                        6.5 mi         6050          -0.8 dB                                                     -------                                         Total loss -16.7 dB                                                                         As shown, the total attenuation resulting from all points onthe path is 16.7 dB.  Using the "inflection" method, only   two points would be included in the loss calculations:                                                                             5.3 mi         6370          -3.1 dB                                                                                    6.3 mi         6300          -3.0 dB                                                                         These are the points that result in a peak, or inflection inthe attenuation value.  The increasing attenuation from the previous point decreases with the following point.                                                                      The attenuation is a function of the clearance (or          obstruction) between the path and the terrain, and the firstFresnel zone.  The points of attenuation inflection will    generally correlate with the terrain, but since the Fresnel zone (which changes with distance) is also a factor, the    maximum attenuation in a given region may not be at the     point of maximum elevation.                                                                                             As always, remember that this automated process does not    replace careful engineering analysis.  These calculations   yield an approximate received value.  Paths of critical     importance should be evaluated in more detail.                                                                          
CHELP13             The earth curvature factor is typically set for 4/3 of the  earth''s actual radius (1.33).  This value is used to       determine the effective elevation of topographic features inthe path.                                                                                                               To ignore ALL earth curvature effects, enter a value of 0.                                                              
CHELP14             The path attenuation calculations performed by this program include an estimate of the receive site elevation in order  to compute terrain shadow losses. A receive site antenna    height is normally specified. Computing terrain loss with   the receive location at ground level (0 AGL) will result in Fresnel zone "obstructions" consisting only of the terrain  or ground immediately adjacent to the receive site.                                                                     You should specify a receive antenna height above ground    level (AGL) or at a constant elevation above mean sea level (MSL) appropriate to your current application.                                                                          
CHELP15             Enter the name of the file you want to use to save the      contour distance values.  This will be an ASCII file that isread by other TAP programs to plot the contour.  You may    also read the file with your own programs.                                                                              
CHELP17             Enter a description of the transmitter facilities (site     name, antenna type, etc.  This entry will only be used if   you are printing a copy of these calculations.                                                                          
CHELP18             Enter the antenna center of radiation height.                                                                           
CHELP19             Enter a description of the receiver facilities (site        name, antenna type, etc.  This entry will only be used if   you are printing a copy of these calculations.                                                                          
CHELP21             Enter the distance from the transmitter site to the receiversite.  This distance is the horizontal distance between the sites.                                                                                                                  
CHELP22             Enter the HAAT for the radial which you wish to consider    Note that values below 100 ft (30 m) will be evaluated for  100 ft, and radials over 5000 ft (1524 m) will be evaluated for 5000 ft.                                                                                                            
CHELP23             Enter the terrain roughness correction factor for the radialwhich you wish to consider.  Refer to the current FCC rules to determine if the roughness correction factor should be   considered for the type calculation you are performing.                                                                 
CHELP24             Enter the antenna gain (relative field value) for the radialwhich you wish to condider. The power used to compute the   field or distance for this radial will be the product of theERP and the relative field entered here.                                                                                
CHELP25             How far out from the primary site do you want to check for  shadowed areas?  Enter the maximum distance for the shadow  calculations.  The calculations will cover the given radius from the site.                                                                                                          Note that if the elevation values in the data file do not   extend to the specified distance, the shadow calculations   will be truncated at the end of the available data.                                                                     
CHELP26             Enter the number of shadow check points per radial.  If onlya single check at the distance specified is desired,        enter "1".  For any other value, the number of points are   evenly distributed from the site to the desired distance.                                                               
CHELP27             Enter the file extent you want to use to save theinformation.  Four ASCII files will be created with that    extent for JOB nnnn:                                                                                                        SH0nnnn.ext - Parameters used for shadow checks (e.g.,                    receiver antenna height, etc.).                                                                           SH1nnnn.ext - Azimuths and distances to all clear line                    of sight points.                                                                                          SH2nnnn.ext - Azimuths and distances to all points with                   line of sight but not adequate clearance                    for half of first Fresnel zone.                                                                           SH3nnnn.ext - Azimuths and distances to all points with                   blocked line of sight.                                                                                These files will be read by other TAP programs to plot the  shadowing information.  You can also read the ASCII files   with your own programs.                                                                                                 
CHELP_NUMCTR        This program can compute multiple contours (different       contour dBu field values) for the facilities specified      (power, frequency, etc.).  The Field Strength Contour Plot  program can be used to plot the contour(s) computed by this program.  Enter the number of contours you want to compute  during this session.                                                                                                    
CHELP_NETG          Add all system gains (antenna gain, preamps, etc.) and      subtract all system equipment losses (transmission line,    splitters, connectors, diplexers, etc.).  Enter the net     result.                                                                                                                 
CHELP6              Enter the antenna height above ground level (AGL).                                                                      
OVWRTFLDERR         The specified parameters are different from the file        parameters.  Therefore the new field strength values        computed during this session cannot be appended to the      existing file.                                                                                                          
OVWRTFLDERRSIT      The site is not the same as the site used to create the     specified field strength file.  Therefore the new field     strength values computed during this session cannot be      appended to the existing file.                                                                                          
OVWRTFLDFINRAD      You can interrupt this field strength calculation, but if   you later want to resume and append additional field        calculations to this file, the appended data can only start with the next complete radial.  If you do not finish the    current radial, it will be truncated at the current distancein the file.  If you answer "Y" and finish the current      radial, the program will quit at the end of the radial, and the data appended later will start with the next radial and the current radial will not appear truncated.                                                                           
OVWRTFLD            The file name specified already exists. You have three      options:                                                                                                                  þ NEW NAME  - You can specify a new file name to write the                calculated field strength values.                                                                         þ OVERWRITE - You can write the values to this file and                   overwrite the file.  The present contents of                the file will be lost.                                                                                    þ APPEND    - You can add the new calculated values to the                end of the existing file.  The existing                     contents of the file are preserved and the                  new values are added at the end of the file.                If you select this option, the radial                       azimuth values added to the file will start                 after the last radial in the.                                                                           Note that if you select the "APPEND" option, the program    will check several of the parameters of the existing file tobe sure the same parameters are used during this session.   If the parameters (power, frequency, etc.) are different, anerror message will be displayed.                                                                                        
OVWRTPLT            The file name specified already exists. You can enter a     different file name extent, or you can use the name         specified and the existing contour plot information in the  file will be overwritten and lost.                                                                                      
CNOFLDFILE          This field strength file was not found.  The field values   first must be computed by one of the "Compute Field"        programs (e.g., Bullington, Okumura, etc.). These programs  save the computed field strength values in a file.    The   current program reads the computed and saved values from thefile to perform the desired function.  You must either      specify the file name extent for a valid field strength     file, or you may abandon this program.  You can press the   <F9> lookup key to see a list of current field strength     files for this project number.                                                                                          
CHELP16             Enter the name of the file you want to use to save the      computed field strength values.  This will be an ASCII file with "X-Y-Z" values, with the "Z" value representing the    field strengrh in dBu.                                                                                                  You will have three options for writing the "X" and "Y"     values to define the location of each of the field strength calculations:                                                                                                             þ DISTANCE from site                                        þ COORDINATES (West Lon negative)                           þ COORDINATES (West Lon positive)                                                                                     If you select the DISTANCE option, the "X" value written    will be the east-west distance from the site, and the "Y"   value will be the north-south distance. The units used will correspond to the current system of units (miles for Britishor kilometers for metric).                                                                                              Two COORDINATE options are provided.  In most instances, theCOORDINATES (West Lon negative) option should be used if youwant to grid the field strength file for use with SURFER or other mapping software.  This option will write the locationof each computed field strength calculation with the values of west longitude as negative numbers.  This will cause the values to increase to the left of a plot, corresponding to  normal map orientation.  The last option, COORDINATES (West Lon positive) is only included with for compatibility with  earlier versions of TAP.  This option was intended for use  only with programs that require west longitude values to be positive.                                                                                                               If you want to change the DISTANCE/COORDINATE option, press <ENTER>.                                                                                                                
TILESTEP            Enter the distance between computed field strength points   for this tile calculation.  This "step" distance will be thedistance between the rows and columns of points that will   make up the tile area.  This will define the locations wherefield strength values will be computed.                                                                                 
