zmsg(3)
=======

NAME
----
zmsg - working with multipart messages

SYNOPSIS
--------
----
//  Create a new empty message object
CZMQ_EXPORT zmsg_t *
    zmsg_new (void);

//  Destroy a message object and all frames it contains
CZMQ_EXPORT void
    zmsg_destroy (zmsg_t **self_p);

//  Receive message from socket, returns zmsg_t object or NULL if the recv
//  was interrupted. Does a blocking recv, if you want to not block then use
//  the zloop class or zmq_poll to check for socket input before receiving.
CZMQ_EXPORT zmsg_t *
    zmsg_recv (void *socket);

//  Send message to socket, destroy after sending. If the message has no
//  frames, sends nothing but destroys the message anyhow. Safe to call
//  if zmsg is null.
CZMQ_EXPORT int
    zmsg_send (zmsg_t **self_p, void *socket);

//  Return size of message, i.e. number of frames (0 or more).
CZMQ_EXPORT size_t
    zmsg_size (zmsg_t *self);

//  Return total size of all frames in message.
CZMQ_EXPORT size_t
    zmsg_content_size (zmsg_t *self);

//  Push frame to the front of the message, i.e. before all other frames.
//  Message takes ownership of frame, will destroy it when message is sent.
//  Returns 0 on success, -1 on error.
CZMQ_EXPORT int
    zmsg_push (zmsg_t *self, zframe_t *frame);

//  Remove first frame from message, if any. Returns frame, or NULL. Caller
//  now owns frame and must destroy it when finished with it.
CZMQ_EXPORT zframe_t *
    zmsg_pop (zmsg_t *self);

//  Add frame to the end of the message, i.e. after all other frames.
//  Message takes ownership of frame, will destroy it when message is sent.
//  Returns 0 on success. Deprecates zmsg_add, which did not nullify the
//  caller's frame reference.
CZMQ_EXPORT int
    zmsg_append (zmsg_t *self, zframe_t **frame_p);

//  Add frame to the end of the message, i.e. after all other frames.
//  Message takes ownership of frame, will destroy it when message is sent.
//  Returns 0 on success.
//  DEPRECATED - will be removed for next stable release
CZMQ_EXPORT int
    zmsg_add (zmsg_t *self, zframe_t *frame);

//  Push block of memory to front of message, as a new frame.
//  Returns 0 on success, -1 on error.
CZMQ_EXPORT int
    zmsg_pushmem (zmsg_t *self, const void *src, size_t size);

//  Add block of memory to the end of the message, as a new frame.
//  Returns 0 on success, -1 on error.
CZMQ_EXPORT int
    zmsg_addmem (zmsg_t *self, const void *src, size_t size);
    
//  Push string as new frame to front of message.
//  Returns 0 on success, -1 on error.
CZMQ_EXPORT int
    zmsg_pushstr (zmsg_t *self, const char *format, ...);

//  Push string as new frame to end of message.
//  Returns 0 on success, -1 on error.
CZMQ_EXPORT int
    zmsg_addstr (zmsg_t *self, const char *format, ...);

//  Pop frame off front of message, return as fresh string. If there were
//  no more frames in the message, returns NULL.
CZMQ_EXPORT char *
    zmsg_popstr (zmsg_t *self);

//  Push frame plus empty frame to front of message, before first frame.
//  Message takes ownership of frame, will destroy it when message is sent.
CZMQ_EXPORT void
    zmsg_wrap (zmsg_t *self, zframe_t *frame);

//  Pop frame off front of message, caller now owns frame
//  If next frame is empty, pops and destroys that empty frame.
CZMQ_EXPORT zframe_t *
    zmsg_unwrap (zmsg_t *self);

//  Remove specified frame from list, if present. Does not destroy frame.
CZMQ_EXPORT void
    zmsg_remove (zmsg_t *self, zframe_t *frame);

//  Set cursor to first frame in message. Returns frame, or NULL, if the 
//  message is empty. Use this to navigate the frames as a list.
CZMQ_EXPORT zframe_t *
    zmsg_first (zmsg_t *self);

//  Return the next frame. If there are no more frames, returns NULL. To move
//  to the first frame call zmsg_first(). Advances the cursor.
CZMQ_EXPORT zframe_t *
    zmsg_next (zmsg_t *self);

//  Return the last frame. If there are no frames, returns NULL.
CZMQ_EXPORT zframe_t *
    zmsg_last (zmsg_t *self);

//  Save message to an open file, return 0 if OK, else -1. The message is 
//  saved as a series of frames, each with length and data. Note that the
//  file is NOT guaranteed to be portable between operating systems, not
//  versions of CZMQ. The file format is at present undocumented and liable
//  to arbitrary change.
CZMQ_EXPORT int
    zmsg_save (zmsg_t *self, FILE *file);

//  Load/append an open file into message, create new message if
//  null message provided. Returns NULL if the message could not 
//  be loaded.
CZMQ_EXPORT zmsg_t *
    zmsg_load (zmsg_t *self, FILE *file);

//  Serialize multipart message to a single buffer. Use this method to send
//  structured messages across transports that do not support multipart data.
//  Allocates and returns a new buffer containing the serialized message.
//  To decode a serialized message buffer, use zmsg_decode ().
CZMQ_EXPORT size_t
    zmsg_encode (zmsg_t *self, byte **buffer);

//  Decodes a serialized message buffer created by zmsg_encode () and returns
//  a new zmsg_t object. Returns NULL if the buffer was badly formatted or 
//  there was insufficient memory to work.
CZMQ_EXPORT zmsg_t *
    zmsg_decode (byte *buffer, size_t buffer_size);

//  Create copy of message, as new message object. Returns a fresh zmsg_t
//  object, or NULL if there was not enough heap memory.
CZMQ_EXPORT zmsg_t *
    zmsg_dup (zmsg_t *self);

//  Dump message to stderr, for debugging and tracing.
//  See zmsg_dump_to_stream() for details
CZMQ_EXPORT void
    zmsg_dump (zmsg_t *self);

//  Dump message to FILE stream, for debugging and tracing. 
//  Truncates to first 10 frames, for readability; this may be unfortunate
//  when debugging larger and more complex messages.
CZMQ_EXPORT void
    zmsg_dump_to_stream (zmsg_t *self, FILE *file);

//  Self test of this class
CZMQ_EXPORT int
    zmsg_test (bool verbose);
----

DESCRIPTION
-----------

The zmsg class provides methods to send and receive multipart messages
across 0MQ sockets. This class provides a list-like container interface,
with methods to work with the overall container. zmsg_t messages are
composed of zero or more zframe_t frames.


EXAMPLE
-------
.From zmsg_test method
----
    zctx_t *ctx = zctx_new ();
    assert (ctx);

    void *output = zsocket_new (ctx, ZMQ_PAIR);
    assert (output);
    zsocket_bind (output, "inproc://zmsg.test");
    void *input = zsocket_new (ctx, ZMQ_PAIR);
    assert (input);
    zsocket_connect (input, "inproc://zmsg.test");

    //  Test send and receive of single-frame message
    zmsg_t *msg = zmsg_new ();
    assert (msg);
    zframe_t *frame = zframe_new ("Hello", 5);
    assert (frame);
    zmsg_push (msg, frame);
    assert (zmsg_size (msg) == 1);
    assert (zmsg_content_size (msg) == 5);
    rc = zmsg_send (&msg, output);
    assert (msg == NULL);
    assert (rc == 0);

    msg = zmsg_recv (input);
    assert (msg);
    assert (zmsg_size (msg) == 1);
    assert (zmsg_content_size (msg) == 5);
    zmsg_destroy (&msg);

    //  Test send and receive of multi-frame message
    msg = zmsg_new ();
    assert (msg);
    rc = zmsg_addmem (msg, "Frame0", 6);
    assert (rc == 0);
    rc = zmsg_addmem (msg, "Frame1", 6);
    assert (rc == 0);
    rc = zmsg_addmem (msg, "Frame2", 6);
    assert (rc == 0);
    rc = zmsg_addmem (msg, "Frame3", 6);
    assert (rc == 0);
    rc = zmsg_addmem (msg, "Frame4", 6);
    assert (rc == 0);
    rc = zmsg_addmem (msg, "Frame5", 6);
    assert (rc == 0);
    rc = zmsg_addmem (msg, "Frame6", 6);
    assert (rc == 0);
    rc = zmsg_addmem (msg, "Frame7", 6);
    assert (rc == 0);
    rc = zmsg_addmem (msg, "Frame8", 6);
    assert (rc == 0);
    rc = zmsg_addmem (msg, "Frame9", 6);
    assert (rc == 0);
    zmsg_t *copy = zmsg_dup (msg);
    assert (copy);
    rc = zmsg_send (&copy, output);
    assert (rc == 0);
    rc = zmsg_send (&msg, output);
    assert (rc == 0);

    copy = zmsg_recv (input);
    assert (copy);
    assert (zmsg_size (copy) == 10);
    assert (zmsg_content_size (copy) == 60);
    zmsg_destroy (&copy);

    msg = zmsg_recv (input);
    assert (msg);
    assert (zmsg_size (msg) == 10);
    assert (zmsg_content_size (msg) == 60);

    // create empty file for null test
    FILE *file = fopen ("zmsg.test", "w");
    assert (file);
    fclose (file);

    file = fopen ("zmsg.test", "r");
    zmsg_t *null_msg = zmsg_load (NULL, file);
    assert (null_msg == NULL);
    fclose (file);
    remove ("zmsg.test");

    //  Save to a file, read back
    file = fopen ("zmsg.test", "w");
    assert (file);
    rc = zmsg_save (msg, file);
    assert (rc == 0);
    fclose (file);

    file = fopen ("zmsg.test", "r");
    rc = zmsg_save (msg, file);
    assert (rc == -1);
    fclose (file);
    zmsg_destroy (&msg);

    file = fopen ("zmsg.test", "r");
    msg = zmsg_load (NULL, file);
    assert (msg);
    fclose (file);
    remove ("zmsg.test");
    assert (zmsg_size (msg) == 10);
    assert (zmsg_content_size (msg) == 60);

    //  Remove all frames except first and last
    int frame_nbr;
    for (frame_nbr = 0; frame_nbr < 8; frame_nbr++) {
        zmsg_first (msg);
        frame = zmsg_next (msg);
        zmsg_remove (msg, frame);
        zframe_destroy (&frame);
    }
    //  Test message frame manipulation
    assert (zmsg_size (msg) == 2);
    frame = zmsg_last (msg);
    assert (zframe_streq (frame, "Frame9"));
    assert (zmsg_content_size (msg) == 12);
    frame = zframe_new ("Address", 7);
    assert (frame);
    zmsg_wrap (msg, frame);
    assert (zmsg_size (msg) == 4);
    rc = zmsg_addstr (msg, "Body");
    assert (rc == 0);
    assert (zmsg_size (msg) == 5);
    frame = zmsg_unwrap (msg);
    zframe_destroy (&frame);
    assert (zmsg_size (msg) == 3);
    char *body = zmsg_popstr (msg);
    assert (streq (body, "Frame0"));
    free (body);
    zmsg_destroy (&msg);

    //  Test encoding/decoding
    msg = zmsg_new ();
    assert (msg);
    byte *blank = (byte *) zmalloc (100000);
    assert (blank);
    rc = zmsg_addmem (msg, blank, 0);
    assert (rc == 0);
    rc = zmsg_addmem (msg, blank, 1);
    assert (rc == 0);
    rc = zmsg_addmem (msg, blank, 253);
    assert (rc == 0);
    rc = zmsg_addmem (msg, blank, 254);
    assert (rc == 0);
    rc = zmsg_addmem (msg, blank, 255);
    assert (rc == 0);
    rc = zmsg_addmem (msg, blank, 256);
    assert (rc == 0);
    rc = zmsg_addmem (msg, blank, 65535);
    assert (rc == 0);
    rc = zmsg_addmem (msg, blank, 65536);
    assert (rc == 0);
    rc = zmsg_addmem (msg, blank, 65537);
    assert (rc == 0);
    free (blank);
    assert (zmsg_size (msg) == 9);
    byte *buffer;
    size_t buffer_size = zmsg_encode (msg, &buffer);
    zmsg_destroy (&msg);
    msg = zmsg_decode (buffer, buffer_size);
    assert (msg);
    free (buffer);
    zmsg_destroy (&msg);

    //  Now try methods on an empty message
    msg = zmsg_new ();
    assert (msg);
    assert (zmsg_size (msg) == 0);
    assert (zmsg_unwrap (msg) == NULL);
    assert (zmsg_first (msg) == NULL);
    assert (zmsg_last (msg) == NULL);
    assert (zmsg_next (msg) == NULL);
    assert (zmsg_pop (msg) == NULL);
    assert (zmsg_send (&msg, output) == -1);
    assert (msg != NULL);
    zmsg_destroy (&msg);

    zctx_destroy (&ctx);
----

SEE ALSO
--------
linkczmq:czmq[7]