
@INPROCEEDINGS{Ballard1991,
  author={Ballard, R.D. and Yoerger, D.R. and Stewart, W.K. and Bowen, A.},
  booktitle={OCEANS 91 Proceedings}, 
  title={Argo/Jason A Remotely Operated Survey And Sampling System For Full-ocean Depth}, 
  year={1991},
  volume={1},
  number={},
  pages={71-75},
  doi={10.1109/OCEANS.1991.613909}
  }



@techreport{Barham1979,
author = {Barham, Eric G},
booktitle = {New Series},
file = {:Users/ericjmartin/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Barham - 1979 - Giant Larvacean Houses Observations from Deep Submersibles.pdf:pdf},
number = {4411},
pages = {1129--1131},
title = {{Giant Larvacean Houses: Observations from Deep Submersibles}},
volume = {205},
year = {1979}
}
@article{Beattie2015,
abstract = {Achieving adequate visualisation of designs within CAD packages remains a challenge for designers with current methods of 3D CAD visualisation requiring either a high level of technical ability, or expensive hardware and software. The recent re-emergence of consumer VR has lowered the barrier for everyday developers wanting to visualise their designs in true 3D. This paper presents the CAD Interaction Lab (CIL) which employs the Oculus Rift Head Mounted Display (HMD) and Leap Motion Controller (LMC) to provide a low cost method enabling users to use their hands to dissect a mechanic model to manipulate and inspect individual components in realistic 3D. Qualitative observations of user interactions with the CIL show that users were able to intuitively manipulate the CAD model using natural hand movements with only minimal instruction.},
author = {Beattie, Nathan and Horan, Ben and McKenzie, Sophie},
doi = {10.1016/J.PROTCY.2015.07.025},
file = {:Users/ericjmartin/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Beattie, Horan, McKenzie - 2015 - Taking the LEAP with the Oculus HMD and CAD - Plucking at thin Air.pdf:pdf},
issn = {2212-0173},
journal = {Procedia Technology},
month = {jan},
pages = {149--154},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Taking the LEAP with the Oculus HMD and CAD - Plucking at thin Air?}},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212017315002029},
volume = {20},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Best1996,
abstract = {Little effort has been put into determining the role of interpupillary distance (IPD) in operator perception of a virtual environment (VE). The present study examined perceptual and oculomotor variables across four IPD settings in a binocular head-mounted display (HMD). The subjects wore a HMD for 15 minutes while manually estimating the size of two-dimensional objects in a VE. A within-subjects design exposed each subject to four different experimental conditions: (1) the subject's anatomical IPD, (2) 5.0 cm (the minimum setting on the HMD), (3) 6.3 cm (adult mean), and (4) 7.4 cm (the maximum setting on the HMD). Task-induced adaptation of far acuity, accommodation, and vergence were measured. After the task, each subject completed a survey that indexed the severity of any HMD-induced fatigue. Size judgments were not affected by IPD condition. Further, IPD settings did not influence adaptation of dark vergence, of dark focus, or of far binocular acuity. However, in the 5.0 cm and 7.4 cm IPD conditions, subjects reported significantly more fatigue than in the anatomical and 6.3 cm conditions. These findings suggest that IPD settings do not influence size perception of a two-dimensional virtual object, but are related to operator comfort. The implications are examined in reference to training procedures and entertainment uses of virtual environments.},
author = {Best, Scot},
doi = {10.1109/naecon.1996.517685},
file = {:Users/ericjmartin/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Best - 1996 - Perceptual and oculomotor implications of interpupillary distance settings on a head-mounted virtual display.pdf:pdf},
journal = {IEEE Proceedings of the National Aerospace and Electronics Conference},
pages = {429--434},
title = {{Perceptual and oculomotor implications of interpupillary distance settings on a head-mounted virtual display}},
volume = {1},
year = {1996}
}


@inproceedings{bourke2009,
abstract = {Virtual reality and gaming within a hemispherical dome provides an enhanced sense of immersion due to the engagement of the viewers peripheral vision. This sense of immersion would be enhanced further if depth perception was provided by engaging the viewers stereopsis capability. While this is well understood for flat displays, it is somewhat more challenging for a hemispherical display. In the following I discuss and derive the optical requirements for stereoscopic projection into hemispherical domes, this is applicable to both large scale domes (such as planetariums) and smaller personal domes. It is the development of the later smaller domes, referred to as the iDome, that employ a new lower cost projection system [1] that has been the motivation for this work. Primarily the discussion focuses on how to create optimal omni-directional stereoscopic fisheye pairs, that is, stereoscopic projections that are largely independent of the view direction (do not require head tracking) and the number of viewers.},
author = {Bourke, Paul},
booktitle = {Annual International Conferences on Computer Games, Multimedia and Allied Technology},
doi = {10.5176/978-981-08-3190-5_453},
mendeley-groups = {VR},
title = {{Omni-directional Stereoscopic Fisheye Images for Immersive Hemispherical Dome Environments}},
year = {2009}
}


@inproceedings{7404466,
abstract = {With the recent development of computer graphics and video-gaming, 360° cameras and related technologies, Head Mounted Displays (HMDs) are becoming a popular tool to improve the users experience and efficiency. This trend is also connected to the computer technology improvements of the latest years and its price decrease: HMDs are now more performing and, at the same time, commercially accessible to the masses. In this paper a HMD is used to improve the telepresence experience, to increase the situational awareness during underwater operations, and to actively control a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV). Although HMDs are already used to actively control the point of view of the operator by moving the camera system of vehicles, in this paper they are used to control the vehicle itself, providing a hand-free Human-Machine Interface (HMI). In this way the operator has the possibility of controlling other devices (e.g. a manipulator attached to the ROV) while moving the ROV, highly increasing the efficiency of the underwater operations. Three control methods inspired by previous work developed for the classical joystick interface are presented, full-scale experiments and conclusions on the usability of the proposed solution for real off-shore operations are discussed.},
author = {Candeloro, M and Valle, E and Miyazaki, M R and Skjetne, R and Ludvigsen, M and S{\o}rensen, A J},
booktitle = {OCEANS 2015 - MTS/IEEE Washington},
doi = {10.23919/OCEANS.2015.7404466},
file = {:Users/ericjmartin/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Candeloro et al. - 2015 - HMD as a new tool for telepresence in underwater operations and closed-loop control of ROVs.pdf:pdf},
issn = {null},
keywords = {helmet mounted displays;manipulators;man-machine s},
month = {oct},
pages = {1--8},
title = {{HMD as a new tool for telepresence in underwater operations and closed-loop control of ROVs}},
year = {2015}
}
@misc{Erwin2019,
author = {Erwin, Benjamin},
title = {{MBARI Sketchfab (@mbari)}},
url = {https://sketchfab.com/mbari},
urldate = {2019-11-23},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Haydar2008,
abstract = {This paper describes the ongoing developments in Photogrammetry and Mixed Reality for the Venus European project (Virtual ExploratioN of Underwater Sites, http://www.venus-project.eu). The main goal of the project is to provide archaeologists and the general public with virtual and augmented reality tools for exploring and studying deep underwater archaeological sites out of reach of divers. These sites have to be reconstructed in terms of environment (seabed) and content (artifacts) by performing bathymetric and photogrammetric surveys on the real site and matching points between geolocalized pictures. The base idea behind using Mixed Reality techniques is to offer archaeologists and general public new insights on the reconstructed archaeological sites allowing archaeologists to study directly from within the virtual site and allowing the general public to immersively explore a realistic reconstruction of the sites. Both activities are based on the same VR engine but drastically differ in the way they present information. General public activities emphasize the visually and auditory realistic aspect of the reconstruction while archaeologists activities emphasize functional aspects focused on the cargo study rather than realism which leads to the development of two parallel VR demonstrators. This paper will focus on several key points developed for the reconstruction process as well as both VR demonstrators (archaeological and general public) issues. The first developed key point concerns the densification of seabed points obtained through photogrammetry in order to obtain high quality terrain reproduction. The second point concerns the development of the Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR/AR) demonstrators for archaeologists designed to exploit the results of the photogrammetric reconstruction. And the third point concerns the development of the VR demonstrator for general public aimed at creating awareness of both the artifacts that were found and of the process with which they were discovered by recreating the dive process from ship to seabe},
author = {Haydar, M and Maidi, M and Roussel, D and Drap, P and Bale, K and Chapman, P},
doi = {10.2312/VAST/VAST08/141-148},
file = {:Users/ericjmartin/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Haydar et al. - 2008 - Virtual Exploration of Underwater Archaeological Sites Visualization and Interaction in Mixed Reality Environmen.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Proceedings of VAST: International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Intelligent Cultural Heritage},
pages = {141--148},
title = {{Virtual Exploration of Underwater Archaeological Sites : Visualization and Interaction in Mixed Reality Environments}},
year = {2008}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{5649358,
  author={Huang, Albert S. and Olson, Edwin and Moore, David C.},
  booktitle={2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems}, 
  title={LCM: Lightweight Communications and Marshalling}, 
  year={2010},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={4057-4062},
  doi={10.1109/IROS.2010.5649358}}
@article{Hughes2010,
abstract = {The majority of computer vision applications assumes that the camera adheres to the pinhole camera model. However, most optical systems will introduce undesirable effects. By far, the most evident of these effects is radial lensing, which is particularly noticeable in fish-eye camera systems, where the effect is relatively extreme. Several authors have developed models of fish-eye lenses that can be used to describe the fish-eye displacement. Our aim is to evaluate the accuracy of several of these models. Thus, we present a method by which the lens curve of a fish-eye camera can be extracted using well-founded assumptions and perspective methods. Several of the models from the literature are examined against this empirically derived curve. {\textcopyright} 2010 Optical Society of America.},
author = {Hughes, Ciar{\'{a}}n and Denny, Patrick and Jones, Edward and Glavin, Martin},
doi = {10.1364/AO.49.003338},
file = {:Users/ericjmartin/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hughes et al. - 2010 - Accuracy of fish-eye lens models.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15394522},
journal = {Applied Optics},
number = {17},
pages = {3338--3347},
title = {{Accuracy of fish-eye lens models}},
volume = {49},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Iii1993,
abstract = {The operation of remote science exploration vehicles ben-efits greatly from the application of advanced telepresence and virtual reality operator interfaces. T elepresence, or the projection of the human sensory apparatus into a remote location, can provide scientists with a much greater intui-tive understanding of the environment in which they are working than simple camera-display systems. Likewise virtual reality , or the use of highly interactive three-dimen-sional computer graphics, can both enhance an operator's situational awareness of an environment and also compen-sate (to some degree) for low bandwidth and/or long time delays in the communications channel between the opera-tor and the vehicle. These advanced operator interfaces are important for terrestrial science and exploration applica-tions, and are critical for missions involving the explora-tion of other planetary surfaces, such as on Mars. The undersea environment provides an excellent terrestrial analog to science exploration and operations on another planetary surface.},
author = {Iii, Butler P Hine and Stoker, Carol and Sims, Michael and Rasmussen, Daryl and Fong, Terrence W and Steele, Jay and Barch, Don and Miles, Eric and T, Erik Nygren M I},
file = {:Users/ericjmartin/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Iii et al. - 1993 - The Application of Telepresence and Virtual Reality to Subsea Exploration.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Sensors (Peterborough, NH)},
number = {March},
title = {{The Application of Telepresence and Virtual Reality to Subsea Exploration}},
year = {1993}
}
@inproceedings{Ishibashi2009,
abstract = {A vision system and a working system are particular important because they are indispensable for works of an underwater vehicle like remotely operated vehicle (ROV). So, generally, the ROV is equipped with TV cameras as the vision system and manipulators as the working system. However the manipulator operation watching a monitor, which appears the working environment taken by a TV camera, is very difficult because the operator can not have a sense of distance in the working environment. So the work ability of the manipulator depends strongly on the operator's experience and skill. Based on that, in this paper, the stereo vision system, which calculates three dimensional position data of an object in the working environment, is described. It is hoped that the position data causes the manipulator operation without the operator's experience and skill. And also, it is hoped that the dimension of the underwater object such as a marine organism can be got by the position data. In order to realize these, a camera calibration method applying the manipulator in the water was designed. And experiments were carried out to confirm the effect of the stereo vision system based on the camera model. As the result, its position accuracy was result in line with expectations.},
author = {Ishibashi, S},
booktitle = {OCEANS 2009-EUROPE},
doi = {10.1109/OCEANSE.2009.5278314},
issn = {null},
keywords = {3D position,Calibration,Cameras,Machine vision,Master-slave,Monitoring,Organisms,ROV,Remotely operated vehicles,Stereo vision,TV,TV camera,Underwater vehicles,calibration,camera calibration method,manipulator operation,manipulators,marine organism,master-slave system,mobile robots,position control,remotely operated vehicle,remotely operated vehicles,robot vision,stereo image processing,stereo vision system,telecontrol,underwater vehicle,underwater vehicles,video cameras,water},
month = {may},
pages = {1--6},
title = {{The stereo vision system for an underwater vehicle}},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Kadavasal2009,
abstract = {A multimodal teleoperation interface is introduced, featuring an integrated virtual reality (VR) based simulation augmented by sensors and image processing capabilities onboard the remotely operated vehicle. The proposed virtual reality interface fuses an existing VR model with live video feed and prediction states, thereby creating a multimodal control interface. VR addresses the typical limitations of video based teleoperation caused by signal lag and limited field of view, allowing the operator to navigate in a continuous fashion. The vehicle incorporates an onboard computer and a stereo vision system to facilitate obstacle detection. A vehicle adaptation system with a priori risk maps and a real-state tracking system enable temporary autonomous operation of the vehicle for local navigation around obstacles and automatic reestablishment of the vehicle's teleoperated state. The system provides real time update of the virtual environment based on anomalies encountered by the vehicle. The VR based multimodal teleoperation interface is expected to be more adaptable and intuitive when compared with other interfaces. {\textcopyright} 2009 by ASME.},
author = {Kadavasal, Muthukkumar S. and Oliver, James H.},
doi = {10.1115/1.3086030},
file = {:Users/ericjmartin/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kadavasal, Oliver - 2009 - Sensor augmented virtual reality based teleoperation using mixed autonomy.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15309827},
journal = {Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering},
keywords = {VRAC},
number = {1},
pages = {1--5},
title = {{Sensor augmented virtual reality based teleoperation using mixed autonomy}},
volume = {9},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Kwasnitschka2016,
abstract = {Underwater photogrammetry and in particular systematic visual surveys of the deep sea are by far less developed than similar techniques on land or in space. The main challenges are the rough conditions with extremely high pressure, the accessibility of target areas (container and ship deployment of robust sensors, then diving for hours to the ocean floor), and the limitations of localization technologies (no GPS). The absence of natural light complicates energy budget considerations for deep diving flash-equipped drones. Refraction effects influence geometric image formation considerations with respect to field of view and focus, while attenuation and scattering degrade the radiometric image quality and limit the effective visibility. As an improvement on the stated issues, we present an AUV-based optical system intended for autonomous visual mapping of large areas of the seafloor (square kilometers) in up to 6000 m water depth. We compare it to existing systems and discuss tradeoffs such as resolution vs. mapped area and show results from a recent deployment with 90,000 mapped square meters of deep ocean floor.},
author = {Kwasnitschka, Tom and K{\"{o}}ser, Kevin and Sticklus, Jan and Rothenbeck, Marcel and Wei{\ss}, Tim and Wenzlaff, Emanuel and Schoening, Timm and Triebe, Lars and Steinf{\"{u}}hrer, Anja and Devey, Colin and Greinert, Jens},
doi = {10.3390/s16020164},
file = {:Users/ericjmartin/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kwasnitschka et al. - 2016 - DeepSurveyCam—A deep ocean optical mapping system.pdf:pdf},
issn = {14248220},
journal = {Sensors (Switzerland)},
keywords = {AUV,Camera,Deep sea,Mapping,Mosaicking,Photogrammetry,Photoscan,Survey},
number = {2},
title = {{DeepSurveyCam—A deep ocean optical mapping system}},
volume = {16},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Markowitz2018,
abstract = {Across four studies, two controlled lab experiments and two field studies, we tested the efficacy of immersive Virtual Reality (VR) as an education medium for teaching the consequences of climate change, particularly ocean acidification. Over 270 participants from four different learning settings experienced an immersive underwater world designed to show the process and effects of rising sea water acidity. In all of our investigations, after experiencing immersive VR people demonstrated knowledge gains or inquisitiveness about climate science and in some cases, displayed more positive attitudes toward the environment after comparing pre- and post-test assessments. The analyses also revealed a potential post-hoc mechanism for the learning effects, as the more that people explored the spatial learning environment, the more they demonstrated a change in knowledge about ocean acidification. This work is unique by showing distinct learning gains or an interest in learning across a variety of participants (high school, college students, adults), measures (learning gain scores, tracking data about movement in the virtual world, qualitative responses from classroom teachers), and content (multiple versions varying in length and content about climate change were tested). Our findings explicate the opportunity to use immersive VR for environmental education and to drive information-seeking about important social issues such as climate change.},
author = {Markowitz, David M. and Laha, Rob and Perone, Brian P. and Pea, Roy D. and Bailenson, Jeremy N.},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02364},
file = {:Users/ericjmartin/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Markowitz et al. - 2018 - Immersive Virtual Reality field trips facilitate learning about climate change.pdf:pdf},
issn = {16641078},
journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},
keywords = {Climate change education,Education,Immersive virtual reality,Learning,Ocean acidification},
number = {NOV},
title = {{Immersive Virtual Reality field trips facilitate learning about climate change}},
volume = {9},
year = {2018}
}
@article{Martins2015,
abstract = {This paper describes and evaluates the use of a head-mounted display (HMD) for the teleoperation of a field robot. The HMD presents a pair of video streams to the operator (one to each eye) originating from a pair of stereo cameras located on the front of the robot, thus providing him/her with a sense of depth (stereopsis). A tracker on the HMD captures 3-DOF head orientation data which is then used for adjusting the camera orientation by moving the robot and/or the camera position accordingly, and rotating the displayed images to compensate for the operator's head rotation. This approach was implemented in a search and rescue robot (RAPOSA), and it was empirically validated in a series of short user studies. This evaluation involved four experiments covering two-dimensional perception, depth perception, scene perception, and performing a search and rescue task in a controlled scenario. The stereoscopic display and head tracking are shown to afford a number of performance benefits. However, one experiment also revealed that controlling robot orientation with yaw input from the head tracker negatively influenced task completion time. A possible explanation is a mismatch between the abilities of the robot and the human operator. This aside, the studies indicated that the use of an HMD to create a stereoscopic visualization of the camera feeds from a mobile robot enhanced the perception of cues in a static three-dimensional environment and also that such benefits transferred to simulated field scenarios in the form of enhanced task completion times.},
author = {Martins, Henrique and Oakley, Ian and Ventura, Rodrigo},
doi = {10.1017/S026357471400126X},
file = {:Users/ericjmartin/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Martins, Oakley, Ventura - 2015 - Design and evaluation of a head-mounted display for immersive 3D teleoperation of field robots.pdf:pdf},
issn = {14698668},
journal = {Robotica},
keywords = {Head-Mounted Display,Human factors,Stereopsis,Teleoperation,Urban search and rescue,User study},
number = {10},
pages = {2166--2185},
title = {{Design and evaluation of a head-mounted display for immersive 3D teleoperation of field robots}},
volume = {33},
year = {2015}
}
@misc{MBARI,
author = {MBARI},
title = {{Making an impact | MBARI}},
url = {https://www.mbari.org/about/making-an-impact/},
urldate = {2019-11-22}
}
@article{Mengerink2014,
abstract = {file:///Users/ericjmartin/Google Drive/mbari/rovvr/documents/ieee-vr/references/Markowitz{\_}CallforDeepOceanStewardship.pdf},
author = {Mengerink, Kathryn J and {Van Dover}, Cindy L and Ardron, Jeff and Baker, Maria and Escobar-Briones, Elva and Gjerde, Kristina and Koslow, J Anthony and Ramirez-Llodra, Eva and Lara-Lopez, Ana and Squires, Dale and Sutton, Tracey and Sweetman, Andrew K and Levin, Lisa A},
doi = {10.1126/science.1251458},
journal = {Science},
month = {may},
number = {6185},
pages = {696 LP -- 698},
title = {{A Call for Deep-Ocean Stewardship}},
url = {http://science.sciencemag.org/content/344/6185/696.abstract},
volume = {344},
year = {2014}
}
@misc{MontereyBayAquariumResearchInstitute2019,
author = {{Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute}},
pages = {1},
title = {{Remotely operated vehicles | MBARI}},
url = {https://www.mbari.org/at-sea/vehicles/remotely-operated-vehicles/},
urldate = {2019-11-21},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Nguyen2001,
abstract = {The Autonomy and Robotics Area (ARA) at NASA Ames Research Center has investigated the use of various types of Virtual Reality-based operator interfaces to remotely control complex robotic mechanisms. In this paper, we describe the major accomplishments and technology applications of the ARA in this area, and highlight the advantages and issues related to this technology.},
author = {Nguyen, Laurent A. and Bualat, Maria and Edwards, Laurence J. and Flueckiger, Lorenzo and Neveu, Charles and Schwehr, Kurt and Wagner, Michael D. and Zbinden, Eric},
doi = {10.1023/A:1011208212722},
file = {:Users/ericjmartin/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Nguyen et al. - 2001 - Virtual reality interfaces for visualization and control of remote vehicles.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09295593},
journal = {Autonomous Robots},
keywords = {Planetary exploration,Remote control,Robotics,User interfaces,Virtual reality,Visualization},
number = {1},
pages = {59--68},
title = {{Virtual reality interfaces for visualization and control of remote vehicles}},
volume = {11},
year = {2001}
}
@misc{NOAAOfficeofNationalMarineSanctuaries2019,
author = {{NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries}},
title = {{Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary Home Page}},
url = {https://montereybay.noaa.gov/welcome.html},
urldate = {2019-11-21},
year = {2019}
}
@inproceedings{Lee2000,
abstract = {A remotely operated vehicle (ROV) equipped with two manipulators and an underwater stereo camera is being developed in KRISO (Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering) for seabed working. This paper describes the preliminary design of the ROV. An underwater stereo camera has been developed to enhance the working efficiency of the ROV with the manipulator in seabed operation. This paper presents the operational principle and the structure of the underwater stereo camera. The stereo camera consists of two CCD cameras and horizontally moving base, and it is embedded in a small pressure canister for underwater application. This paper also evaluates the implementation of an adaptive controller to the tracking control of the ROV/manipulator system.},
author = {{Pan-Mook Lee} and {Bong-Hwan Jeon} and {Seok-Won Hong} and {Yong-Kon Lim} and {Chong-Moo Lee} and {Jong-Won Park} and {Chang-Min Lee}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2000 International Symposium on Underwater Technology (Cat. No.00EX418)},
doi = {10.1109/UT.2000.852583},
issn = {null},
keywords = {adaptive control,computer visi,underwater vehicles},
month = {may},
pages = {431--436},
title = {{System design of an ROV with manipulators and adaptive control of it}},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Robison2017,
abstract = {Coevolution is a process through which two interactive systems mutually influence each other's development. Midwater research and remotely operated vehicle technology are two such interactive systems, and at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute they have been coevolving for 30 years. As the technology has matured, the scope, scale, and complexity of the research has also advanced, particularly in such areas as observing animal behavior and in situ experimentation, which were virtually impossible before we gained direct access to the environment. Here we examine midwater research domains and the technologies that enable them: how new instrumentation enables in situ respiration and fluid dynamics measurements; how imaging and data handling systems build data sets that allow long-term analyses of seasonal, episodic, and anthropogenic environmental changes; and how variable ballast and thruster controls have allowed us to make close-up observations and conduct delicate experimental manipulations without disturbing the animals we are studying. The coevolution continues and future developments will focus on integrating diverse sensor systems to provide new perspectives for midwater ecology, and on automating research processes to expand the scale of operations, improve efficiency, and promote technology transfer.},
author = {Robison, Bruce H. and Reisenbichler, Kim R. and Sherlock, Rob E.},
doi = {10.5670/OCEANOG.2017.421},
file = {:Users/ericjmartin/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Robison, Reisenbichler, Sherlock - 2017 - The coevolution of midwater research and ROV technology at MBARI.pdf:pdf},
issn = {10428275},
journal = {Oceanography},
number = {4},
pages = {26--37},
title = {{The coevolution of midwater research and ROV technology at MBARI}},
volume = {30},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Rossi2018,
abstract = {Many current and future applications of underwater robotics require real-time sensing and interpretation of the environment. As the vast majority of robots are equipped with cameras, computer vision is playing an increasingly important role it this field. This paper presents the implementation and experimental results of underwater StereoFusion, an algorithm for real-time 3D dense reconstruction and camera tracking. Unlike KinectFusion on which it is based, StereoFusion relies on a stereo camera as its main sensor. The algorithm uses the depth map obtained from the stereo camera to incrementally build a volumetric 3D model of the environment, while simultaneously using the model for camera tracking. It has been successfully tested both in a lake and in the ocean, using two different state-of-the-art underwater Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs). Ongoing work focuses on applying the same algorithm to acoustic sensors, and on the implementation of a vision based monocular system with the same capabilities.},
author = {Rossi, Matija and Trsli{\'{c}}, Petar and Siv{\v{c}}ev, Satja and Riordan, James and Toal, Daniel and Dooly, Gerard},
doi = {10.3390/s18113936},
file = {:Users/ericjmartin/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Rossi et al. - 2018 - Real-Time Underwater StereoFusion.pdf:pdf},
issn = {14248220},
journal = {Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)},
keywords = {3D,GPU,ROV,camera,fusion,real-time,stereo,tracking,underwater,vision},
number = {11},
pages = {1--17},
title = {{Real-Time Underwater StereoFusion}},
volume = {18},
year = {2018}
}
@book{Sharp1977,
abstract = {ALVIN, a deep-submergence oceanographic research submarine, is owned by the Office of Naval Research of the U.S. Navy and operated by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (W.H.O.I.). Completed in 1964, it began routine diving for scientific research in 1966. Since that time the submersible has made over 650 dives in many areas of the Atlantic Ocean including the Azores, Spain, and Bahamas, the Straits of Florida and the Gulf of Maine. Many of the dives have been for vehicle test and training purposes, and a significant number have been required by the U.S. Navy for various engineering and salvage operations. These activities are summarized briefly and a short list of related Navy reports is given. Extensive engineering research and development in support of the ALVIN project has been provided by personnel from W.H.O.I., U.S. Navy laboratories and private industry. Over 100 technical reports and papers have been produced as part of this effort and they are listed here. Nearly 300 dives have been completed for purely scientific purposes. These latter dives are described briefly in chronological order, and a list of 92 of the resulting scientific publications is presented.},
author = {Sharp, Arnold G. and Shumaker, Lawrence A.},
booktitle = {DSRV ALVIN : a review of accomplishments},
doi = {10.1575/1912/24669},
publisher = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
title = {{DSRV ALVIN : a review of accomplishments}},
year = {1977}
}
@article{Sivcev2018,
abstract = {This paper describes the state-of-the art in the area of underwater robot manipulator systems. A brief introduction is given on the use of manipulators in various offshore industries for different subsea intervention applications. It provides a comprehensive summary of existing commercial and prototype underwater manipulators, covering relevant aspects such as design features, their capabilities and merits, and provides a detailed comparison. This is followed by a thorough analysis of advantages and disadvantages of both electrically and hydraulically actuated manipulators. Furthermore, a detailed description of commercially available underwater manipulator control systems is presented in order to provide a realistic picture of the existing technology and its limitation. In addition, an extensive bibliography covering research results in the field of control algorithms is presented, including low level motion control, high level kinematic control and motion planning schemes along with the implementation issues.},
author = {Siv{\v{c}}ev, Satja and Coleman, Joseph and Omerdi{\'{c}}, Edin and Dooly, Gerard and Toal, Daniel},
doi = {10.1016/J.OCEANENG.2018.06.018},
file = {:Users/ericjmartin/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Siv{\v{c}}ev et al. - 2018 - Underwater manipulators A review.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0029-8018},
journal = {Ocean Engineering},
month = {sep},
pages = {431--450},
publisher = {Pergamon},
title = {{Underwater manipulators: A review}},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0029801818310308},
volume = {163},
year = {2018}
}


@mastersthesis{Solstad2016,
author = {Solstad, Torkil Eide and {Skjetne, Roger}, IMT and {Candeloro, Mauro}, IMT},
file = {:Users/emartin/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Solstad, Candeloro - 2016 - Improved user-experience for control of ROVs.pdf:pdf},
mendeley-groups = {VR},
number = {June},
school = {Norwegian University of Science and Technology},
title = {{Improved user-experience for control of ROVs}},
year = {2016}
}


@article{Steuer1992,
abstract = {Virtual reality (VR) is typically defined in terms of technological hardware. This paper attempts to cast a new, variable-based definition of virtual reality that can be used to classify virtual reality in relation to other media. The defintion of virtual reality is based on concepts of “presence” and “telepresence,” which refer to the sense of being in an environment, generated by natural or mediated means, respectively. Two technological dimensions that contribute to telepresence, vividness and interactivity, are discussed. A variety of media are classified according to these dimensions. Suggestions are made for the application of the new definition of virtual reality within the field of communication research.},
author = {Steuer, Jonathan},
doi = {10.1111/j.1460-2466.1992.tb00812.x},
file = {:Users/ericjmartin/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Steuer - 1992 - Defining Virtual Reality Dimensions Determining Telepresence.pdf:pdf},
issn = {14602466},
journal = {Journal of Communication},
number = {4},
pages = {73--93},
title = {{Defining Virtual Reality: Dimensions Determining Telepresence}},
volume = {42},
year = {1992}
}
@misc{Tawada2002,
author = {Tawada, Yuko and Nakajima, Akihiko and Ci, U S},
file = {:Users/ericjmartin/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tawada, Nakajima, Ci - 2002 - ( 12 ) Patent Application Publication ( io ) Pub . No . US 2002 0066478 Al.pdf:pdf},
number = {19},
title = {{( 12 ) Patent Application Publication ( io ) Pub . No .: US 2002 / 0066478 Al}},
volume = {1},
year = {2002}
}
@misc{TheHydrous2019,
author = {{The Hydrous}},
title = {{Immerse}},
url = {https://thehydro.us/vr2019},
urldate = {2019-11-22},
year = {2019}
}
@book{TrujilloAlanP2008Eoo,
address = {Upper Saddle River, N.J.},
author = {Trujillo, Alan P},
edition = {9th ed.},
isbn = {0132401223},
keywords = {Oceanography,Oceanography -- Textbooks},
pages = {395--401},
publisher = {Pearson Education},
title = {{Essentials of oceanography}},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Wann1995,
abstract = {The use of virtual reality (VR) display systems has escalated over the last 5 yr and may have consequences for those working within vision research. This paper provides a brief review of the literature pertaining to the representation of depth in stereoscopic VR displays. Specific attention is paid to the response of the accommodation system with its cross-links to vergence eye movements, and to the spatial errors that arise when portraying three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional window. It is suggested that these factors prevent large depth intervals of three-dimensional visual space being rendered with integrity through dual two-dimensional arrays.},
author = {Wann, John P. and Rushton, Simon and Mon-Williams, Mark},
doi = {10.1016/0042-6989(95)00018-U},
file = {:Users/ericjmartin/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wann, Rushton, Mon-Williams - 1995 - Natural problems for stereoscopic depth perception in virtual environments.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0042-6989},
journal = {Vision Research},
month = {oct},
number = {19},
pages = {2731--2736},
publisher = {Pergamon},
title = {{Natural problems for stereoscopic depth perception in virtual environments}},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/004269899500018U?via{\%}3Dihub},
volume = {35},
year = {1995}
}
@article{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-2007-00114,
  author    = {Oc{\'{e}}ane Boulais and
               Ben Woodward and
               Brian Schlining and
               Lonny Lundsten and
               Kevin Barnard and
               Katy Croff Bell and
               Kakani Katija},
  title     = {FathomNet: An underwater image training database for ocean exploration
               and discovery},
  journal   = {CoRR},
  volume    = {abs/2007.00114},
  year      = {2020},
  url       = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.00114},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprint    = {2007.00114},
  timestamp = {Mon, 06 Jul 2020 15:26:01 +0200},
  biburl    = {https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2007-00114.bib},
  bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
}

@article{DelGado,
abstract = {Abstract The US Office of National Marine Sanctuaries has a robust Maritime Heritage Program (MHP), now 13 years old. MHP is a carefully created and managed part of an overall strategy to encourage ocean conservation and the creation of marine protected areas. MHP utilizes a variety of strategies to engage the public, work collaboratively, and use the power of ‘people stories' to connect a wide audience with the ocean. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.},
author = {Delgado, James P and {Van Tilburg}, Hans K and Terrell, Bruce G and Marx, Deborah and Marzin, Catherine and Gittings, Stephen and Kiene, William and Grussing, Valerie and Orlando, Pamela},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.2643},
file = {:Users/emartin/Downloads/aqc.2643.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems},
keywords = { landscapes, marine protected areas,oceans},
number = {S2},
pages = {200--212},
title = {{How NOAA's Office of National Marine Sanctuaries engages the public in the ocean through the science and management of maritime heritage}},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/aqc.2643},
volume = {26},
year = {2016}
}
