%************************************************************************* # Source %************************************************************************* > GEOnet Names Server (GNS) @ http://earth-info.nima.mil/gns/html/index.html @ http://earth-info.nima.mil/gns/html/cntry_files.html @ ftp://ftp.nga.mil/pub/gns_data/ %************************************************************************* # Contents %************************************************************************* > FieldDescription of Names Files for Countries and Territories Format > DesignationCodes, their Codes and Definitions, Sorted by Designation Code > CountryCodes, sorted by CountryCode %************************************************************************* # FieldDescription % Description of Names Files for Countries and Territories Format %************************************************************************* > Note: * The data format is tab-delimited text. * The names in the country files are sorted alphabetically and are displayed in Reading order (usually used in mapping applications; ex. Mount Everest) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- FieldName FieldDescription DataType DataLength 01. RC = Region Code > tiny.int 1 + A code that determines the character + mapping used in the Full_Name field + (see REGIONS.PDF for character mapping): + 1: Western Europe/Americas; + 2: Eastern Europe; + 3: Africa/Middle East; + 4: Central Asia; + 5: Asia/Pacific; + 6: Vietnam. 02. UFI = Unique Feature Identifier > int 4 + A number which uniquely identifies the feature. 03. UNI = Unique Name Identifier > int 4 + A number which uniquely identifies a name. 04. LAT = Latitude of the Feature > N/A + in ± decimal degree (WGS84): + no sign (+): North; + negative sign (-): South. 05. LONG = Longitude of the Feature > N/A + in ± decimal degree (WGS84): + no sign (+): East; + negative sign (-): West. 06. DMS_LAT = Latitude of the Feature > int 4 + in ± DegMinSec DDMMSS (WGS84): + no sign (+): North; + negative sign (-): South. 07. DMS_LONG = Longitude of the Feature > int 4 + in ± DDMMSS (WGS84): + no sign (+): East; + negative sign (-): West. 08. UTM = Universal Transverse Mercator > char 4 + coordinate grid reference. 09. JOG = Joint Operations Graphic reference > char 7 10. FC = Feature Classification > char 1 + A: Administrative region; + P: Populated place; + V: Vegetation; + L: Locality or area; + U: Undersea; + R: Streets, highways, roads, or railroad; + T: Hypsographic; + H: Hydrographic; + S: Spot feature. 11. DSG = Feature Designation Code > char 5 + A two to five-character code used to + identify the type of feature a name is applied to. 12. PC = Populated Place Classification > tiny.int 1 + A graduated numerical scale denoting + the relative importance of a + populated place. The scale ranges + from 1, relatively high, to 5, + relatively low. The scale could + also include NULL (no value) as a + value for populated places with + unknown or undetermined + classification. 13. CC1 = Primary Country Code > char 2 + A two alphabetic character code uniquely + identifying a geopolitical entity + (countries, dependencies, and areas of special sovereignty). 14. ADM1 = First-order Administrative Division > char 2 + A two alphanumeric character code uniquely + identifying a primary administrative division of a + country, such as a state in the United States. 15. ADM2 = Second-order Administrative Division > var.char 255 + The name of a subdivision of a first-order + admin. division, such as a county in the United States. 16. DIM = Dimension + Usually used to display elevation or population data. 17. CC2 = Secondary Country Code > char 2 + A two alphabetic character code uniquely + identifying the country code of a particular name + if different than that of the feature. 18. NT = Name Type > char 1 + C: Conventional; + D: Not verified; + N: Native; + V: Variant or alternate. 19. LC = Language Code > char 2 + A two alphabetic character code uniquely + identifying a language of a country + if multiple official languages are used. 20. SHORT_FORM = A specific part of the name > var.char 128 + that could substitute for the full name. 21. GENERIC = The descriptive part of the full name > var.char 128 + (does not apply to populated place names). 22. SORT_NAME = A form of the full name > var.char 200 + which allows for easy sorting of the name + into alpha-numeric sequence. It is comprised + of the specific name, generic name, and any articles + or prepositions. This field is all upper case with + spaces, diacritics, and hyphens removed and numbers are + substituted with lower case alphabetic characters. 23. FULL_NAME = The complete name > var.char 200 + which identifies the named feature. + It is comprised of the specific name, generic name, + and any articles or preposition + (see to REGIONS.PDF for character mapping). 24. FULL_NAME_ND = Full name with Roman characters > N/A + The diacritics and special characters + are substituted with Roman characters + (see to REGIONS.PDF for character mapping). + ND = No Diacritics / Stripped Diacritics. 25. MOD_DATE = The date a new feature was modified > small 4 + added or any part of an existing feature was modified + (YYYY-MM-DD). %************************************************************************* # DesignationCodes % Their Codes and Definitions, Sorted by Designation Code %************************************************************************* Code Designation Designation Definition ------------------------------------------------------------------------- @ A ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ADM1 = first-order administrative > a primary administrative division + division > of a country, such as a state in > the United States ADM2 = second-order administrative > a subdivision of a first-order + division > administrative division ADM3 = third-order administrative > a subdivision of a second-order + division > administrative division ADM4 = fourth-order administrative > a subdivision of a third-order + division > administrative division ADMD = administrative division > an administrative division of a > country, undifferentiated as to > administrative level ADMF = administrative facility > a government building AGRC = agricultural colony > a tract of land set aside for > agricultural settlement AGRF = agricultural facility > a building and/or tract of land > used for improving agriculture AIRB = airbase > an area used to store supplies, > provide barracks for air force > personnel, hangers and runways for > aircraft, and from which > operations are initiated AIRF = airfield > a place on land where aircraft > land and take off; no facilities > provided for the commercial > handling of passengers and cargo AIRH = heliport > a place where helicopters land and > take off AIRP = airport > a place where aircraft regularly > land and take off, with runways, > navigational aids, and major > facilities for the commercial > handling of passengers and cargo AIRQ = abandoned airfield AIRS = seaplane landing area > a place on a waterbody where > floatplanes land and take off AMTH = amphitheater > an oval or circular structure with > rising tiers of seats about a > stage or open space ANCH = anchorage > an area where vessels may anchor ANS = ancient site > a place where archeological > remains, old structures, or > cultural artifacts are located APNU = apron > a gentle slope, with a generally > smooth surface, particularly found > around groups of islands and > seamounts [Undersea Feature] ARCH = arch > a natural or man-made structure in > the form of an arch AREA = area > a tract of land without > homogeneous character or > boundaries ARRU = arrugado > an area of subdued corrugations > off Baja California [Undersea > Feature, refers to the Guadalupe > Arrugado; not to be applied to new > features] ASPH = asphalt lake > a small basin containing naturally > occurring asphalt ASTR = astronomical station > a point on the earth whose > position has been determined by > observations of celestial bodies ASYL = asylum > a facility where the insane are > cared for and protected ATHF = athletic field > a tract of land used for playing > team sports, and athletic track > and field events ATOL = atoll(s) > a ring-shaped coral reef which has > closely spaced islands on it > encircling a lagoon ------------------------------------------------------------------------- @ B ------------------------------------------------------------------------- BAR = bar > a shallow ridge or mound of coarse > unconsolidated material in a > stream channel, at the mouth of a > stream, estuary, or lagoon and in > the wave-break zone along coasts BAY = bay > a coastal indentation between two > capes or headlands, larger than a > cove but smaller than a gulf BAYS = bays > coastal indentations between two > capes or headlands, larger than a > cove but smaller than a gulf BCH = beach > a shore zone of coarse > unconsolidated sediment that > extends from the low-water line to > the highest reach of storm waves BCHS = beaches > a shore zone of coarse > unconsolidated sediment that > extends from the low-water line to > the highest reach of storm waves BCN = beacon > a fixed artificial navigation > mark BDG = bridge > a structure erected across an > obstacle such as a stream, road, > etc., in order to carry roads, > railroads, and pedestrians across BDGQ = ruined bridge > a destroyed or decayed bridge > which is no longer functional BDLD = badlands > an area characterized by a maze of > very closely spaced, deep, narrow, > steep-sided ravines, and sharp > crests and pinnacles BDLU = borderland > a region adjacent to a continent, > normally occupied by or bordering > a shelf, that is highly irregular > with depths well in excess of > those typical of a shelf [Undersea > Feature] BGHT = bight(s) > an open body of water forming a > slight recession in a coastline BKSU = banks > elevations, typically located on a > shelf, over which the depth of > water is relatively shallow but > sufficient for safe surface > navigation [Undersea Feature, 20m > or more deep] BLDG = building(s) > a structure built for permanent > use, as a house, factory, etc. BLDR = boulder field > a high altitude or high latitude > bare, flat area covered with large > angular rocks BLHL = blowhole(s) > a hole in coastal rock through > which sea water is forced by a > rising tide or waves and spurted > through an outlet into the air BLOW = blowout(s) > a small depression in sandy > terrain, caused by wind erosion BNCH = bench > a long, narrow bedrock platform > bounded by steeper slopes above > and below, usually overlooking a > waterbody BNCU = bench > a small terrace [Undersea > Feature] BNK = bank(s) > an elevation, typically located on > a shelf, over which the depth of > water is relatively shallow but > sufficient for most surface > navigation BNKR = stream bank > a sloping margin of a stream > channel which normally confines > the stream to its channel on land BNKU = bank > an elevation, typically located on > a shelf, over which the depth of > water is relatively shallow but > sufficient for safe surface > navigation [Undersea Feature, 20m > or more deep] BNKX = section of bank BOG = bog(s) > a wetland characterized by peat > forming sphagnum moss, sedge, and > other acid-water plants BP = boundary marker > a fixture marking a point along a > boundary BRKS = barracks > a building for lodging military > personnel BRKW = breakwater > a structure erected to break the > force of waves at the enterance to > a harbor or port BSND = drainage basin > the area drained by a stream BSNP = petroleum basin > an area underlain by an oil-rich > structural basin BSNU = basin > a depression more or less > equidimensional in plan and of > variable extent [Undersea > Feature] BSTN = baling station > a facility for baling agricultural > products BTL = battlefield > the site of a land battle of > historical importance BTYD = boatyard > a waterside facility for > servicing, repairing, and building > small vessels BUR = burial cave(s) > a cave used for human burials BUSH = bush(es) > a small clump of conspicuous > bushes in an otherwise bare area BUTE = butte(s) > a small, isolated, usually > flat-topped hill with steep sides ------------------------------------------------------------------------- @ C ------------------------------------------------------------------------- CAPE = cape > a land area more prominent than a > point, projecting into the sea and > marking a notable change in > coastal direction CAPG = icecap > a dome-shaped mass of glacial ice > covering an area of mountain > summits or other high lands; > smaller than an ice sheet CARN = cairn > a heap of stones erected as a > landmark or for other purposes CAVE = cave(s) > an underground passageway or > chamber, or cavity on the side of > a cliff CDAU = cordillera > an entire mountain system > including the subordinate ranges, > interior plateaus, and basins > [Undersea Feature] CFT = cleft(s) > a deep narrow slot, notch, or > groove in a coastal cliff CH = church > a building for public Christian > worship CHN = channel > the deepest part of a stream, bay, > lagoon, or strait, through which > the main current flows CHNL = lake channel(s) > that part of a lake having water > deep enough for navigation between > islands, shoals, etc. CHNM = marine channel > that part of a body of water deep > enough for navigation through an > area otherwise not suitable CHNN = navigation channel > a buoyed channel of sufficient > depth for the safe navigation of > vessels CLDA = caldera > a depression measuring kilometers > across formed by the collapse of a > volcanic mountain CLF = cliff(s) > a high, steep to perpendicular > slope overlooking a waterbody or > lower area CLG = clearing > an area in a forest with trees > removed CMN = common > a park or pasture for community > use CMP = camp(s) > a site occupied by tents, huts, or > other shelters for temporary use CMPL = logging camp > a camp used by loggers CMPLA = labor camp > a camp used by migrant or > temporary laborers CMPMN = mining camp > a camp used by miners CMPO = oil camp > a camp used by oilfield workers CMPQ = abandoned camp CMPRF = refugee camp > a camp used by refugees CMTY = cemetery > a burial place or ground CNFL = confluence > a place where two or more streams > or intermittent streams flow > together CNL = canal > an artificial watercourse CNLA = aqueduct > a conduit used to carry water CNLB = canal bend > a conspicuously curved or bent > section of a canal CNLD = drainage canal > an artificial waterway carrying > water away from a wetland or from > drainage ditches CNLI = irrigation canal > a canal which serves as a main > conduit for irrigation water CNLN = navigation canal(s) > a watercourse constructed for > navigation of vessels CNLQ = abandoned canal CNLSB = underground irrigation > a gently inclined underground + canal(s) > tunnel bringing water for > irrigation from aquifers CNLX = section of canal CNS = concession area > a lease of land by a government > for economic development, e.g., > mining, forestry CNSU = canyons > relatively narrow, deep > depressions with steep sides, the > bottom of which generally has a > continuous slope [Undersea > Feature] CNYN = canyon > a deep, narrow valley with steep > sides cutting into a plateau or > mountainous area CNYU = canyon > a relatively narrow, deep > depression with steep sides, the > bottom of which generally has a > continuous slope [Undersea > Feature] COLF = coalfield > a region in which coal deposits of > possible economic value occur COMC = communication center > a facility, including buildings, > antennae, towers and electronic > equipment for receiving and > transmitting information CONE = cone(s) > a conical landform composed of mud > or volcanic material COVE = cove(s) > a small coastal indentation, > smaller than a bay CRDR = corridor > a strip or area of land having > significance as an access way CRKT = tidal creek(s) > a meandering channel in a coastal > wetland subject to bi-directional > tidal currents CRNT = current > a horizontal flow of water in a > given direction with uniform > velocity CRQ = cirque > a bowl-like hollow partially > surrounded by cliffs or steep > slopes at the head of a glaciated > valley CRQS = cirques > bowl-like hollows partially > surrounded by cliffs or steep > slopes at the head of a glaciated > valley CRRL = corral(s) > a pen or enclosure for confining > or capturing animals CRSU = continental rise > a gentle slope rising from oceanic > depths towards the foot of a > continental slope [Undersea > Feature] CRTR = crater(s) > a generally circular saucer or > bowl-shaped depression caused by > volcanic or meteorite explosive > action CSNO = casino > a building used for entertainment, > especially gambling CST = coast > a zone of variable width > straddling the shoreline CSTL = castle > a large fortified building or set > of buildings CSTM = customs house > a building in a port where customs > and duties are paid, and where > vessels are entered and cleared CSWY = causeway > a raised roadway across wet ground > or shallow water CSWYQ = former causeway > a causeway no longer used for > transportation CTHSE = courthouse > a building in which courts of law > are held CTRA = atomic center > a facility where atomic research > is carried out CTRB = business center > a place where a number of > businesses are located CTRCM = community center > a facility for community > recreation and other activities CTRF = facility center > a place where more than one > facility is situated CTRM = medical center > a complex of health care buildings > including two or more of the > following: hospital, medical > school, clinic, pharmacy, doctor's > offices, etc. CTRR = religious center > a facility where more than one > religious activity is carried out, > e.g., retreat, school, monastery, > worship CTRS = space center > a facility for launching, > tracking, or controlling > satellites and space vehicles CUET = cuesta(s) > an asymmetric ridge formed on > tilted strata CULT = cultivated area > an area under cultivation CUTF = cutoff > a channel formed as a result of a > stream cutting through a meander > neck CVNT = convent > a building where a community of > nuns lives in seclusion ------------------------------------------------------------------------- @ D ------------------------------------------------------------------------- DAM = dam > a barrier constructed across a > stream to impound water DAMQ = ruined dam > a destroyed or decayed dam which > is no longer functional DAMSB = sub-surface dam > a dam put down to bedrock in a > sand river DARY = dairy > a facility for the processing, > sale and distribution of milk or > milk products DCK = dock(s) > a waterway between two piers, or > cut into the land for the berthing > of ships DCKB = docking basin > a part of a harbor where ships > dock DCKD = dry dock > a dock providing support for a > vessel, and means for removing the > water so that the bottom of the > vessel can be exposed DCKY = dockyard > a facility for servicing, > building, or repairing ships DEPU = deep > a deep hole in a trench [Undersea > Feature, refers to Challenger > Deep, Emden Deep, and Horizon > Deep; not to be applied to new > features] DEVH = housing development > a tract of land on which many > houses of similar design are built > according to a development plan DIKE = dike > an earth or stone embankment > usually constructed for flood or > stream control DLTA = delta > a flat plain formed by alluvial > deposits at the mouth of a stream DOMG = icecap dome > a comparatively elevated area on > an icecap DPOF = fuel depot > an area where fuel is stored DPR = depression(s) > a low area surrounded by higher > land and usually characterized by > interior drainage DPRG = icecap depression > a comparatively depressed area on > an icecap DSRT = desert > a large area with little or no > vegetation due to extreme > environmental conditions DTCH = ditch > a small artificial watercourse dug > for draining or irrigating the > land DTCHD = drainage ditch > a ditch which serves to drain the > land DTCHI = irrigation ditch > a ditch which serves to distribute > irrigation water DTCHM = ditch mouth(s) > an area where a drainage ditch > enters a lagoon, lake or bay DUNE = dune(s) > a wave form, ridge or star shape > feature composed of sand DVD = divide > a line separating adjacent > drainage basins ------------------------------------------------------------------------- @ E ------------------------------------------------------------------------- EDGU = shelf edge > a line along which there is a > marked increase of slope at the > outer margin of a continental > shelf or island shelf ERG = sandy desert > an extensive tract of shifting > sand and sand dunes ESCU = escarpment (or scarp) > an elongated and comparatively > steep slope separating flat or > gently sloping areas [Undersea > Feature] EST = estate(s) > a large commercialized > agricultural landholding with > associated buildings and other > facilities ESTB = banana plantation > an estate that specializes in the > growing of bananas ESTC = cotton plantation > an estate specializing in the > cultivation of cotton ESTO = oil palm plantation > an estate specializing in the > cultivation of oil palm trees ESTR = rubber plantation > an estate which specializes in > growing and tapping rubber trees ESTSG = sugar plantation > an estate that specializes in > growing sugar cane ESTSL = sisal plantation > an estate that specializes in > growing sisal ESTT = tea plantation > an estate which specializes in > growing tea bushes ESTX = section of estate ESTY = estuary > a funnel-shaped stream mouth or > embayment where fresh water mixes > with sea water under tidal > influences ------------------------------------------------------------------------- @ F ------------------------------------------------------------------------- FAN = fan(s) > a fan-shaped wedge of coarse > alluvium with apex merging with a > mountain stream bed and the fan > spreading out at a low angle slope > onto an adjacent plain FANU = fan > a relatively smooth feature > normally sloping away from the > lower termination of a canyon or > canyon system [Undersea Feature] FCL = facility > a building or buildings housing a > center, institute, foundation, > hospital, prison, mission, > courthouse, etc. FISH = fishing area > a fishing ground, bank or area > where fishermen go to catch fish FJD = fjord > a long, narrow, steep-walled, > deep-water arm of the sea at high > latitudes. Usually along > mountainous coasts FJDS = fjords > long, narrow, steep-walled, > deep-water arms of the sea at high > latitudes, usually along > mountainous coasts FLD = field(s) > an open as opposed to wooded area FLDI = irrigated field(s) > a tract of level or terraced land > which is irrigated FLLS = waterfall(s) > a perpendicular or very steep > descent of the water of a stream FLLSX = section of waterfall(s) FLTM = mud flat(s) > a relatively level area of mud > either between high and low tide > lines, or subject to flooding FLTT = tidal flat(s) > a large flat area of mud or sand > attached to the shore and > alternately covered and uncovered > by the tide FLTU = flat > a small level or nearly level area > [Undersea Feature] FNDY = foundry > a building or works where metal > casting is carried out FORD = ford > a shallow part of a stream which > can be crossed on foot or by land > vehicle FRKU = fork > a branch of a canyon or valley > [Undersea Feature] FRM = farm > a tract of land with associated > buildings devoted to agriculture FRMQ = abandoned farm FRMS = farms > tracts of land with associated > buildings devoted to agriculture FRMT = farmstead > the buildings and adjacent service > areas of a farm FRST = forest(s) > an area dominated by tree > vegetation FRSTF = fossilized forest > a forest fossilized by geologic > processes and now exposed at the > earth's surface FRSU = forks > a branch of a canyon or valley > [Undersea Feature] FRZU = fracture zone > an extensive linear zone of > irregular topography of the sea > floor, characterized by > steep-sided or asymmetrical > ridges, troughs, or escarpments > [Undersea Feature] FSR = fissure > a crack associated with volcanism FT = fort > a defensive structure or > earthworks FURU = furrow > a closed, linear, narrow, shallow > depression [Undersea Feature] FY = ferry > a boat or other floating > conveyance and terminal facilities > regularly used to transport people > and vehicles across a waterbody ------------------------------------------------------------------------- @ G ------------------------------------------------------------------------- GAP = gap > a low place in a ridge, not used > for transportation GAPU = gap > a narrow break in a ridge or rise > [Undersea Feature] GASF = gasfield > an area containing a subterranean > store of natural gas of economic > value GATE = gate > a controlled access entrance or > exit GDN = garden(s) > an enclosure for displaying > selected plant or animal life GHSE = guest house > a house used to provide lodging > for paying guests GLCR = glacier(s) > a mass of ice, usually at high > latitudes or high elevations, with > sufficient thickness to flow away > from the source area in lobes, > tongues, or masses GLYU = gully > a small valley-like feature > [Undersea Feature] GOSP = gas-oil separator plant > a facility for separating gas from > oil GRAZ = grazing area > an area of grasses and shrubs used > for grazing GRGE = gorge(s) > a short, narrow, steep-sided > section of a stream valley GRSLD = grassland > an area dominated by grass > vegetation GRVC = coconut grove > a planting of coconut trees GRVE = grave > a burial site GRVO = olive grove > a planting of olive trees GRVP = palm grove > a planting of palm trees GRVPN = pine grove > a planting of pine trees GULF = gulf > a large recess in the coastline, > larger than a bay GVL = gravel area > an area covered with gravel GYSR = geyser > a type of hot spring with > intermittent eruptions of jets of > hot water and steam ------------------------------------------------------------------------- @ H ------------------------------------------------------------------------- HBR = harbor(s) > a haven or space of deep water so > sheltered by the adjacent land as > to afford a safe anchorage for > ships HBRX = section of harbor HDLD = headland > a high projection of land > extending into a large body of > water beyond the line of the > coast HERM = hermitage > a secluded residence, usually for > religious sects HLL = hill > a rounded elevation of limited > extent rising above the > surrounding land with local relief > of less than 300m HLLS = hills > rounded elevations of limited > extent rising above the > surrounding land with local relief > of less than 300m HLLU = hill > an elevation rising generally less > than 500 meters [Undersea > Feature] HLSU = hills > elevations rising generally less > than 500 meters [Undersea > Feature] HLT = halting place > a place where caravans stop for > rest HMCK = hammock(s) > a patch of ground, distinct from > and slightly above the surrounding > plain or wetland. Often occurs in > groups HMDA = rock desert > a relatively sand-free high > bedrock plateau in a hot desert, > with or without a gravel veneer HOLU = hole > a small depression of the sea > floor [Undersea Feature] HSE = house(s) > a building used as a human > habitation HSEC = country house > a large house, mansion, or > chateau, on a large estate HSP = hospital > a building in which sick or > injured, especially those confined > to bed, are medically treated HSPC = clinic > a medical facility associated with > a hospital for outpatients HSPD = dispensary > a building where medical or dental > aid is dispensed HSPL = leprosarium > an asylum or hospital for lepers HSTS = historical site > a place of historical importance HTH = heath > an upland moor or sandy area > dominated by low shrubby > vegetation including heather HTL = hotel > a building providing lodging > and/or meals for the public HUT = hut > a small primitive house HUTS = huts > small primitive houses ------------------------------------------------------------------------- @ I ------------------------------------------------------------------------- INDS = industrial area > an area characterized by > industrial activity INLT = inlet > a narrow waterway extending into > the land, or connecting a bay or > lagoon with a larger body of > water INLTQ = former inlet > an inlet which has been filled in, > or blocked by deposits INSM = military installation > a facility for use of and contol > by armed forces INTF = interfluve > a relatively undissected upland > between adjacent stream valleys ISL = island > a tract of land, smaller than a > continent, surrounded by water at > high water ISLF = artificial island > an island created by landfill or > diking and filling in a wetland, > bay, or lagoon ISLM = mangrove island > a mangrove swamp surrounded by a > waterbody ISLS = islands > tracts of land, smaller than a > continent, surrounded by water at > high water ISLT = land-tied island > a coastal island connected to the > mainland by barrier beaches, > levees or dikes ISLX = section of island ISTH = isthmus > a narrow strip of land connecting > two larger land masses and > bordered by water ITTR = research institute > a facility where research is > carried out ------------------------------------------------------------------------- @ J ------------------------------------------------------------------------- JTY = jetty > a structure built out into the > water at a river mouth or harbor > entrance to regulate currents and > silting ------------------------------------------------------------------------- @ K ------------------------------------------------------------------------- KNLU = knoll > an elevation rising generally more > than 500 meters and less than > 1,000 meters and of limited extent > across the summit [Undersea > Feature] KNSU = knolls > elevations rising generally more > than 500 meters and less than > 1,000 meters and of limited extent > across the summits [Undersea > Feature] KRST = karst area > a distinctive landscape developed > on soluble rock such as limestone > characterized by sinkholes, caves, > disappearing streams, and > underground drainage ------------------------------------------------------------------------- @ L ------------------------------------------------------------------------- LAND = Arctic land > a tract of land in the Arctic LAVA = lava area > an area of solidified lava LBED = lake bed(s) > a dried up or drained area of a > former lake LCTY = locality > a minor area or place of > unspecified or mixed character and > indefinite boundaries LDGU = ledge > a rocky projection or outcrop, > commonly linear and near shore > [Undersea Feature] LDNG = landing > a place where boats receive or > discharge passengers and freight, > but lacking most port facilities LEPC = leper colony > a settled area inhabited by lepers > in relative isolation LEV = levee > a natural low embankment bordering > a distributary or meandering > stream; often built up > artificially to control floods LEVU = levee > an embankment bordering a canyon, > valley, or seachannel [Undersea > Feature] LGN = lagoon > a shallow coastal waterbody, > completely or partly separated > from a larger body of water by a > barrier island, coral reef or > other depositional feature LGNS = lagoons > shallow coastal waterbodies, > completely or partly separated > from a larger body of water by a > barrier island, coral reef or > other depositional feature LGNX = section of lagoon LK = lake > a large inland body of standing > water LKC = crater lake > a lake in a crater or caldera LKI = intermittent lake LKN = salt lake > an inland body of salt water with > no outlet LKNI = intermittent salt lake LKO = oxbow lake > a crescent-shaped lake commonly > found adjacent to meandering > streams LKOI = intermittent oxbow lake LKS = lakes > large inland bodies of standing > water LKSB = underground lake > a standing body of water in a > cave LKSC = crater lakes > lakes in a crater or caldera LKSI = intermittent lakes LKSN = salt lakes > inland bodies of salt water with > no outlet LKSNI = intermittent salt lakes LKX = section of lake LOCK = lock(s) > a basin in a waterway with gates > at each end by means of which > vessels are passed from one water > level to another LTER = leased area > a tract of land leased by the > United Kingdom from the People's > Republic of China to form part of > Hong Kong LTHSE = lighthouse > a distinctive structure exhibiting > a major navigation light ------------------------------------------------------------------------- @ M ------------------------------------------------------------------------- MAR = marina > a harbor facility for small boats, > yachts, etc. MDVU = median valley > the axial depression of the > mid-oceanic ridge system [Undersea > Feature] MDW = meadow > a small, poorly drained area > dominated by grassy vegetation MESA = mesa(s) > a flat-topped, isolated elevation > with steep slopes on all sides, > less extensive that a plateau MESU = mesa > an isolated, extensive, > flat-topped elevation on the > shelf, with relatively steep sides > [Undersea Feature] MFG = factory > one or more buildings where goods > are manufactured, processed or > fabricated MFGB = brewery > one or more buildings where beer > is brewed MFGC = cannery > a building where food items are > canned MFGCU = copper works > a facility for processing copper > ore MFGLM = limekiln > a furnace in which limestone is > reduced to lime MFGM = munitions plant > a factory where ammunition is > made MFGN = salt evaporation ponds > diked salt ponds used in the > production of solar evaporated > salt MFGPH = phosphate works > a facility for producing > fertilizer MFGQ = abandoned factory MFGSG = sugar refinery > a facility for converting raw > sugar into refined sugar MGV = mangrove swamp > a tropical tidal mud flat > characterized by mangrove > vegetation MILB = military base > a place used by an army or other > armed service for storing arms and > supplies, and for accommodating > and training troops, a base from > which operations can be initiated MKT = market > a place where goods are bought and > sold at regular intervals ML = mill(s) > a building housing machines for > transforming, shaping, finishing, > grinding, or extracting products MLM = ore treatment plant > a facility for improving the metal > content of ore by concentration MLO = olive oil mill > a mill where oil is extracted from > olives MLSG = sugar mill > a facility where sugar cane is > processed into raw sugar MLSGQ = former sugar mill > a sugar mill no longer used as a > sugar mill MLSW = sawmill > a mill where logs or lumber are > sawn to specified shapes and > sizes MLWND = windmill > a mill or water pump powered by > wind MLWTR = water mill > a mill powered by running water MN = mine(s) > a site where mineral ores are > extracted from the ground by > excavating surface pits and > subterranean passages MNA = mining area > an area of mine sites where > minerals and ores are extracted MNAU = gold mine(s) > a mine where gold ore, or alluvial > gold is extracted MNC = coal mine(s) > a mine where coal is extracted MNCR = chrome mine(s) > a mine where chrome ore is > extracted MNCU = copper mine(s) > a mine where copper ore is > extracted MND = mound(s) > a low, isolated, rounded hill MNDT = diatomite mine(s) > a place where diatomaceous earth > is extracted MNDU = mound > a low, isolated, rounded hill > [Undersea Feature] MNFE = iron mine(s) > a mine where iron ore is > extracted MNMT = monument > a commemorative structure or > statue MNN = salt mine(s) > a mine from which salt is > extracted MNNI = nickel mine(s) > a mine where nickel ore is > extracted MNPB = lead mine(s) > a mine where lead ore is > extracted MNPL = placer mine(s) > a place where heavy metals are > concentrated and running water is > used to extract them from > unconsolidated sediments MNQ = abandoned mine MNQR = quarry(-ies) > a surface mine where building > stone or gravel and sand, etc. are > extracted MNSN = tin mine(s) > a mine where tin ore is extracted MOLE = mole > a massive structure of masonry or > large stones serving as a pier or > breakwater MOOR = moor(s) > an area of open ground overlaid > with wet peaty soils MOTU = moat > an annular depression that may not > be continuous, located at the base > of many seamounts, islands, and > other isolated elevations > [Undersea Feature] MRN = moraine > a mound, ridge, or other > accumulation of glacial till MRSH = marsh(es) > a wetland dominated by grass-like > vegetation MRSHN = salt marsh > a flat area, subject to periodic > salt water inundation, dominated > by grassy salt-tolerant plants MSQE = mosque > a building for public Islamic > worship MSSN = mission > a place characterized by > dwellings, school, church, > hospital and other facilities > operated by a religious group for > the purpose of providing > charitable services and to > propagate religion MSSNQ = abandoned mission MSTY = monastery > a building and grounds where a > community of monks lives in > seclusion MT = mountain > an elevation standing high above > the surrounding area with small > summit area, steep slopes and > local relief of 300m or more MTS = mountains > a mountain range or a group of > mountains or high ridges MTSU = mountains > a well-delineated subdivision of a > large and complex positive feature > [Undersea Feature] MTU = mountain > a well-delineated subdivision of a > large and complex positive feature > [Undersea Feature] MUS = museum > a building where objects of > permanent interest in one or more > of the arts and sciences are > preserved and exhibited MVA = maneuver area > a tract of land where military > field exercises are carried out ------------------------------------------------------------------------- @ N ------------------------------------------------------------------------- NKM = meander neck > a narrow strip of land between the > two limbs of a meander loop at its > narrowest point NOV = novitiate > a religious house or school where > novices are trained NRWS = narrows > a navigable narrow part of a bay, > strait, river, etc. NSY = nursery(-ies) > a place where plants are > propagated for transplanting or > grafting NTK = nunatak > a rock or mountain peak protruding > through glacial ice NTKS = nunataks > rocks or mountain peaks protruding > through glacial ice NVB = naval base > an area used to store supplies, > provide barracks for troops and > naval personnel, a port for naval > vessels, and from which operations > are initiated ------------------------------------------------------------------------- @ O ------------------------------------------------------------------------- OAS = oasis(-es) > an area in a desert made > productive by the availability of > water OBPT = observation point > a wildlife or scenic observation > point OBS = observatory > a facility equipped for > observation of atmospheric or > space phenomena OBSR = radio observatory > a facility equipped with an array > of antennae for receiving radio > waves from space OCH = orchard(s) > a planting of fruit or nut trees OCN = ocean > one of the major divisions of the > vast expanse of salt water > covering part of the earth OILF = oilfield > an area containing a subterranean > store of petroleum of economic > value OILJ = oil pipeline junction > a section of an oil pipeline where > two or more pipes join together OILP = oil pipeline > a pipeline used for transporting > oil OILQ = abandoned oil well OILR = oil refinery > a facility for converting crude > oil into refined petroleum > products OILT = tank farm > a tract of land occupied by large, > cylindrical, metal tanks in which > oil or liquid petrochemicals are > stored OILW = oil well > a well from which oil may be > pumped OVF = overfalls > an area of breaking waves caused > by the meeting of currents or by > waves moving against the current ------------------------------------------------------------------------- @ P ------------------------------------------------------------------------- PAL = palace > a large stately house, often a > royal or presidential residence PAN = pan > a near-level shallow, natural > depression or basin, usually > containing an intermittent lake, > pond, or pool PANS = pans > a near-level shallow, natural > depression or basin, usually > containing an intermittent lake, > pond, or pool PASS = pass > a break in a mountain range or > other high obstruction, used for > transportation from one side to > the other PCL = political entity PCLD = dependent political entity PCLF = freely associated state PCLI = independent political + entity PCLIX = section of independent + political entity PCLS = semi-independent political + entity PEAT = peat cutting area > an area where peat is harvested PEN = peninsula > an elongate area of land > projecting into a body of water > and nearly surrounded by water PENX = section of peninsula PGDA = pagoda > a tower-like storied structure, > usually a Buddhist shrine PIER = pier > a structure built out into > navigable water on piles providing > berthing for ships and recreation PK = peak > a pointed elevation atop a > mountain, ridge, or other > hypsographic feature PKLT = parking lot > an area used for parking vehicles PKS = peaks > pointed elevations atop a > mountain, ridge, or other > hypsographic features PKSU = peaks > prominent elevations, part of a > larger feature, either pointed or > of very limited extent across the > summit [Undersea Feature] PKU = peak > a prominent elevation, part of a > larger feature, either pointed or > of very limited extent across the > summit [Undersea Feature] PLAT = plateau > an elevated plain with steep > slopes on one or more sides, and > often with incised streams PLATX = section of plateau PLDR = polder > an area reclaimed from the sea by > diking and draining PLFU = platform > a flat or gently sloping > underwater surface extending > seaward from the shore [Undersea > Feature] PLN = plain(s) > an extensive area of comparatively > level to gently undulating land, > lacking surface irregularities, > and usually adjacent to a higher > area PLNU = plain > a flat, gently sloping or nearly > level region [Undersea Feature] PLNX = section of plain PLTU = plateau > a comparatively flat-topped > feature of considerable extent, > dropping off abruptly on one or > more sides [Undersea Feature] PMPO = oil pumping station > a facility for pumping oil through > a pipeline PMPW = water pumping station > a facility for pumping water from > a major well or through a > pipeline PND = pond > a small standing waterbody PNDI = intermittent pond PNDN = salt pond > a small standing body of salt > water often in a marsh or swamp, > usually along a seacoast PNDNI = intermittent salt pond(s) PNDS = ponds > small standing waterbodies PNDSF = fishponds > the ponds or enclosures in which > fish are kept or raised PNDSI = intermittent ponds PNDSN = salt ponds > small standing bodies of salt > water often in a marsh or swamp, > usually along a seacoast PNLU = pinnacle > a high tower or spire-shaped > pillar of rock or coral, alone or > cresting a summit [Undersea > Feature] PO = post office > a public building in which mail is > received, sorted and distributed POOL = pool(s) > a small and comparatively still, > deep part of a larger body of > water such as a stream or harbor; > or a small body of standing water POOLI = intermittent pool PP = police post > a building in which police are > stationed PPL = populated place > a city, town, village, or other > agglomeration of buildings where > people live and work PPLA = seat of a first-order > seat of a first-order + administrative division > administrative division (PPLC > takes precedence over PPLA) PPLC = capital of a political + entity PPLL = populated locality > an area similar to a locality but > with a small group of dwellings or > other buildings PPLQ = abandoned populated place PPLR = religious populated place > a populated place whose population > is largely engaged in religious > occupations PPLS = populated places > cities, towns, villages, or other > agglomerations of buildings where > people live and work PPLW = destroyed populated place > a village, town or city destroyed > by a natural disaster, or by war PPLX = section of populated place PPQ = abandoned police post PRK = park > an area, often of forested land, > maintained as a place of beauty, > or for recreation PRKGT = park gate > a controlled access to a park PRKHQ = park headquarters > a park administrative facility PRMN = promenade > a place for public walking, > usually along a beach front PRN = prison > a facility for confining > prisoners PRNJ = reformatory > a facility for confining, > training, and reforming young law > offenders PRNQ = abandoned prison PROM = promontory(-ies) > a bluff or prominent hill > overlooking or projecting into a > lowland PRSH = parish > an ecclesiastical district PRT = port > a place provided with terminal and > transfer facilities for loading > and discharging waterborne cargo > or passengers, usually located in > a harbor PRVU = province > a region identifiable by a group > of similar physiographic features > whose characteristics are markedly > in contrast with surrounding areas > [Undersea Feature] PS = power station > a facility for generating electric > power PSH = hydroelectric power station > a building where electricity is > generated from water power PSTB = border post > a post or station at an > international boundary for the > regulation of movement of people > and goods PSTC = customs post > a building at an international > boundary where customs and duties > are paid on goods PSTP = patrol post > a post from which patrols are sent > out PT = point > a tapering piece of land > projecting into a body of water, > less prominent than a cape PTGE = portage > a place where boats, goods, etc., > are carried overland between > navigable waters PTS = points > tapering pieces of land projecting > into a body of water, less > prominent than a cape PYR = pyramid > an ancient massive structure of > square ground plan with four > triangular faces meeting at a > point and used for enclosing > tombs PYRS = pyramids > ancient massive structures of > square ground plan with four > triangular faces meeting at a > point and used for enclosing > tombs ------------------------------------------------------------------------- @ Q ------------------------------------------------------------------------- QCKS = quicksand > an area where loose sand with > water moving through it may become > unstable when heavy objects are > placed at the surface, causing > them to sink QUAY = quay > a structure of solid construction > along a shore or bank which > provides berthing for ships and > which generally provides cargo > handling facilities ------------------------------------------------------------------------- @ R ------------------------------------------------------------------------- RAVU = ravine > a small canyon [Undersea Feature] RCH = reach > a straight section of a navigable > stream or channel between two > bends RD = road > an open way with improved surface > for transportation of animals, > people and vehicles RDA = ancient road > the remains of a road used by > ancient cultures RDB = road bend > a conspicuously curved or bent > section of a road RDCUT = road cut > an excavation cut through a hill > or ridge for a road RDGB = beach ridge > a ridge of sand just inland and > parallel to the beach, usually in > series RDGE = ridge(s) > a long narrow elevation with steep > sides, and a more or less > continuous crest RDGG = icecap ridge > a linear elevation on an icecap RDGU = ridge > a long narrow elevation with steep > sides [Undersea Feature] RDJCT = road junction > a place where two or more roads > join RDST = roadstead > an open anchorage affording less > protection than a harbor RDSU = ridges > long narrow elevations with steep > sides [Undersea Feature] RECG = golf course > a recreation field where golf is > played RECR = racetrack > a track where races are held REG = stony desert > a desert plain characterized by a > surface veneer of gravel and > stones REP = republic RES = reserve > a tract of public land reserved > for future use or restricted as to > use RESA = agricultural reserve > a tract of land reserved for > agricultural reclamation and/or > development RESF = forest reserve > a forested area set aside for > preservation or controlled use of > species or products RESH = hunting reserve > a tract of land used primarily for > hunting RESN = nature reserve > an area reserved for the > maintenance of a natural habitat RESP = palm tree reserve > an area of palm trees where use is > controlled RESV = reservation > a tract of land set aside for > aboriginal, tribal, or native > populations RESW = wildlife reserve > a tract of public land reserved > for the preservation of wildlife RF = reef(s) > a surface-navigation hazard > composed of consolidated material RFC = coral reef(s) > a surface-navigation hazard > composed of coral RFSU = reefs > surface-navigation hazards > composed of consolidated material > [Undersea Feature, less than 20m > deep] RFU = reef > a surface-navigation hazard > composed of consolidated material > [Undersea Feature, less than 20m > deep] RFX = section of reef RGN = region > an area distinguished by one or > more observable physical or > cultural characteristics RGNE = economic region > a region of a country established > for economic development or for > statistical purposes RGNL = lake region > a tract of land distinguished by > numerous lakes RHSE = resthouse > a structure maintained for the > rest and shelter of travelers RISU = rise > a broad elevation that rises > gently, and generally smoothly, > from the sea floor [Undersea > Feature] RJCT = railroad junction > a place where two or more railroad > tracks join RK = rock > a conspicuous, isolated rocky > mass RKFL = rockfall > an irregular mass of fallen rock > at the base of a cliff or steep > slope RKRY = rookery > the breeding place of a colony of > birds or seals RKS = rocks > conspicuous, isolated rocky > masses RLG = religious site > an ancient site of significant > religious importance RLGR = retreat > a place of temporary seclusion, > especially for religious groups RMPU = ramp > a gentle slope connecting areas of > different elevations [Undersea > Feature] RNCH = ranch(es) > a large farm specializing in > extensive grazing of livestock RNGA = artillery range > a tract of land used for artillery > firing practice RNGU = range > a series of associated ridges or > seamounts [Undersea Feature] RPDS = rapids > a turbulent section of a stream > associated with a steep, irregular > stream bed RR = railroad > a permanent twin steel-rail track > on which freight and passenger > cars move long distances RRQ = abandoned railroad RSD = railroad siding > a short track parallel to and > joining the main track RSGNL = railroad signal > a signal at the entrance of a > particular section of track > governing the movement of > trains^M RSRT = resort > a specialized facility for > vacation, health, or participation > sports activities RSTN = railroad station > a facility comprising ticket > office, platforms, etc. for > loading and unloading train > passengers and freight RSTNQ = abandoned railroad station RSTP = railroad stop > a place lacking station facilities > where trains stop to pick up and > unload passengers and freight RSTPQ = abandoned railroad stop RSV = reservoir(s) > an artificial pond or lake RSVI = intermittent reservoir RSVT = water tank > a contained pool or tank of water > at, below, or above ground level RTE = caravan route > the route taken by caravans RUIN = ruin(s) > a destroyed or decayed structure > which is no longer functional RVN = ravine(s) > a small, narrow, deep, steep-sided > stream channel, smaller than a > gorge RYD = railroad yard > a system of tracks used for the > making upof trains, and switching > and storing freight cars ------------------------------------------------------------------------- @ S ------------------------------------------------------------------------- SALT = salt area > a shallow basin or flat where salt > accumulates after periodic > inundation SAND = sand area > a tract of land covered with sand SBED = dry stream bed > a channel formerly containing the > water of a stream SBKH = sabkha(s) > a salt flat or salt encrusted > plain subject to periodic > inundation from flooding or high > tides SCH = school > building(s) where instruction in > one or more branches of knowledge > takes place SCHA = agricultural school > a school with a curriculum focused > on agriculture SCHC = college > the grounds and buildings of an > institution of higher learning SCHM = military school > a school at which military science > forms the core of the curriculum SCHN = maritime school > a school at which maritime > sciences form the core of the > curriculum SCNU = seachannel > a continuously sloping, elongated > depression commonly found in fans > or plains and customarily bordered > by levees on one or two sides > [Undersea Feature] SCRB = scrubland > an area of low trees, bushes, and > shrubs stunted by some > environmental limitation SCRP = escarpment > a long line of cliffs or steep > slopes separating level surfaces > above and below SCSU = seachannels > continuously sloping, elongated > depressions commonly found in fans > or plains and customarily bordered > by levees on one or two sides > [Undersea Feature] SD = sound > a long arm of the sea forming a > channel between the mainland and > an island or islands; or > connecting two larger bodies of > water SDL = saddle > a broad, open pass crossing a > ridge or between hills or > mountains SDLU = saddle > a low part, resembling in shape a > saddle, in a ridge or between > contiguous seamounts [Undersea > Feature] SEA = sea > a large body of salt water more or > less confined by continuous land > or chains of islands forming a > subdivision of an ocean SHFU = shelf > a zone adjacent to a continent (or > around an island) that extends > from the low water line to a depth > at which there is usually a marked > increase of slope towards oceanic > depths [Undersea Feature] SHLU = shoal > a surface-navigation hazard > composed of unconsolidated > material [Undersea Feature, less > than 20m deep] SHOL = shoal(s) > a surface-navigation hazard > composed of unconsolidated > material SHOR = shore > a narrow zone bordering a > waterbody which covers and > uncovers at high and low water, > respectively SHPF = sheepfold > a fence or wall enclosure for > sheep and other small herd > animals SHRN = shrine > a structure or place memorializing > a person or religious concept SHSE = storehouse > a building for storing goods, > especially provisions SHSU = shoals > surface-navigation hazards > composed of unconsolidated > material [Undersea Feature, less > than 20m deep] SHVU = shelf valley > a valley on the shelf, generally > the shoreward extension of a > canyon [Undersea Feature] SILL = sill > the low part of an underwater gap > or saddle separating basins, > including a similar feature at the > mouth of a fjord SILU = sill > the low part of a gap or saddle > separating basins [Undersea > Feature] SINK = sinkhole > a small crater-shape depression in > a karst area SLCE = sluice > a conduit or passage for carrying > off surplus water from a > waterbody, usually regulated by > means of a sluice gate SLID = slide > a mound of earth material, at the > base of a slope and the associated > scoured area SLP = slope(s) > a surface with a relatively > uniform slope angle SLPU = slope > the slope seaward from the shelf > edge to the beginning of a > continental rise or the point > where there is a general reduction > in slope [Undersea Feature] SMSU = seamounts > elevations rising generally more > than 1,000 meters and of limited > extent across the summit [Undersea > Feature] SMU = seamount > an elevation rising generally more > than 1,000 meters and of limited > extent across the summit [Undersea > Feature] SNOW = snowfield > an area of permanent snow and ice > forming the accumulation area of a > glacier SNTR = sanitarium > a facility where victims of > physical or mental disorders are > treated SPA = spa > a resort area usually developed > around a medicinal spring SPIT = spit > a narrow, straight or curved > continuation of a beach into a > waterbody SPLY = spillway > a passage or outlet through which > surplus water flows over, around > or through a dam SPNG = spring(s) > a place where ground water flows > naturally out of the ground SPNS = sulphur spring(s) > a place where sulphur ground water > flows naturally out of the ground SPNT = hot spring(s) > a place where hot ground water > flows naturally out of the ground SPRU = spur > a subordinate elevation, ridge, or > rise projecting outward from a > larger feature [Undersea Feature] SPUR = spur(s) > a subordinate ridge projecting > outward from a hill, mountain or > other elevation SQR = square > a broad, open, public area near > the center of a town or city ST = street > a paved urban thoroughfare STBL = stable > a building for the shelter and > feeding of farm animals, > especially horses STDM = stadium > a structure with an enclosure for > athletic games with tiers of seats > for spectators STKR = stock route > a route taken by livestock herds STM = stream > a body of running water moving to > a lower level in a channel on > land STMA = anabranch > a diverging branch flowing out of > a main stream and rejoining it > downstream STMB = stream bend > a conspicuously curved or bent > segment of a stream STMC = canalized stream > a stream that has been > substantially ditched, diked, or > straightened STMD = distributary(-ies) > a branch which flows away from the > main stream, as in a delta or > irrigation canal STMH = headwaters > the source and upper part of a > stream, including the upper > drainage basin STMI = intermittent stream STMIX = section of intermittent + stream STMM = stream mouth(s) > a place where a stream discharges > into a lagoon, lake, or the sea STMQ = abandoned watercourse > a former stream or distributary no > longer carrying flowing water, but > still evident due to lakes, > wetland, topographic or vegetation > patterns STMS = streams > bodies of running water moving to > a lower level in a channel on > land STMSB = lost river > a surface stream that disappears > into an underground channel, or > dries up in an arid area STMX = section of stream STNB = scientific research base > a scientific facility used as a > base from which research is > carried out or monitored STNC = coast guard station > a facility from which the coast is > guarded by armed vessels STNE = experiment station > a facility for carrying out > experiments STNF = forest station > a collection of buildings and > facilities for carrying out forest > management STNI = inspection station > a station at which vehicles, > goods, and people are inspected STNM = meteorological station > a station at which weather > elements are recorded STNR = radio station > a facility for producing and > transmitting information by radio > waves STNS = satellite station > a facility for tracking and > communicating with orbiting > satellites STNW = whaling station > a facility for butchering whales > and processing train oil STPS = steps > stones or slabs placed for ease in > ascending or descending a steep > slope STRT = strait > a relatively narrow waterway, > usually narrower and less > extensive than a sound, connecting > two larger bodies of water SWMP = swamp > a wetland dominated by tree > vegetation SYSI = irrigation system > a network of ditches and one or > more of the following elements: > water supply, reservoir, canal, > pump, well, drain, etc. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- @ T ------------------------------------------------------------------------- TAL = talus slope > a steep concave slope formed by an > accumulation of loose rock > fragments at the base of a cliff > or steep slope TERR = territory TERU = terrace > a relatively flat horizontal or > gently inclined surface, sometimes > long and narrow, which is bounded > by a steeper ascending slope on > one side and by a steep descending > slope on the opposite side > [Undersea Feature] TMB = tomb(s) > a structure for interring bodies TMPL = temple(s) > an edifice dedicated to religious > worship TMSU = tablemounts (or guyots) > seamounts having a comparatively > smooth, flat top [Undersea > Feature] TMTU = tablemount (or guyot) > a seamount having a comparatively > smooth, flat top [Undersea > Feature] TNGU = tongue > an elongate (tongue-like) > extension of a flat sea floor into > an adjacent higher feature > [Undersea Feature] TNKD = cattle dipping tank > a small artificial pond used for > immersing cattle in chemically > treated water for disease control TNL = tunnel > a subterranean passageway for > transportation TNLC = canal tunnel > a tunnel through which a canal > passes TNLN = natural tunnel > a cave that is open at both ends TNLRD = road tunnel > a tunnel through which a road > passes TNLRR = railroad tunnel > a tunnel through which a railroad > passes TNLS = tunnels > subterranean passageways for > transportation TOWR = tower > a high conspicuous structure, > typically much higher than its > diameter TRB = tribal area > a tract of land used by nomadic or > other tribes TREE = tree(s) > a conspicuous tree used as a > landmark TRGD = interdune trough(s) > a long wind swept trough between > parallel longitudinal dunes TRGU = trough > a long depression of the sea floor > characteristically flat bottomed > and steep sided, and normally > shallower than a trench [Undersea > Feature] TRIG = triangulation station > a point on the earth whose > position has been determined by > triangulation TRL = trail > a path, track, or route used by > pedestrians, animals, or off-road > vehicles TRMO = oil pipeline terminal > a tank farm or loading facility at > the end of an oil pipeline TRNU = trench > a long, narrow, characteristically > very deep and asymmetrical > depression of the sea floor, with > relatively steep sides [Undersea > Feature] TRR = terrace > a long, narrow alluvial platform > bounded by steeper slopes above > and below, usually overlooking a > waterbody TUND = tundra > a marshy, treeless, high latitude > plain, dominated by mosses, > lichens, and low shrub vegetation > under permafrost conditions ------------------------------------------------------------------------- @ U ------------------------------------------------------------------------- UPLD = upland > an extensive interior region of > high land with low to moderate > surface relief USGE = United States Government > a facility operated by the United + Establishment > States Government in Panama ------------------------------------------------------------------------- @ V ------------------------------------------------------------------------- VAL = valley > an elongated depression usually > traversed by a stream VALG = hanging valley > a valley the floor of which is > notably higher than the valley or > shore to which it leads; most > common in areas that have been > glaciated VALS = valleys > elongated depressions usually > traversed by a stream VALU = valley > a relatively shallow, wide > depression, the bottom of which > usually has a continuous gradient. > (This term is generally not used > for features that have canyon-like > characteristics for a significant > portion of their extent) [Undersea > Feature] VALX = section of valley VETF = veterinary facility > a building or camp at which > veterinary services are available VIN = vineyard > a planting of grapevines VINS = vineyards > plantings of grapevines VLC = volcano > a conical elevation composed of > volcanic materials with a crater > at the top VLSU = valleys > a relatively shallow, wide > depression, the bottom of which > usually has a continuous gradient. > (This term is generally not used > for features that have canyon-like > characteristics for a significant > portion of their extent) [Undersea > Feature] ------------------------------------------------------------------------- @ W ------------------------------------------------------------------------- WAD = wadi > a valley or ravine, bounded by > relatively steep banks, which in > the rainy season becomes a > watercourse; found primarily in > North Africa and the Middle East WADB = wadi bend > a conspicuously curved or bent > segment of a wadi WADJ = wadi junction > a place where two or more wadies > join WADM = wadi mouth > the lower terminus of a wadi where > it widens into an adjoining > floodplain, depression, or > waterbody WADS = wadies > valleys or ravines, bounded by > relatively steep banks, which in > the rainy season become > watercourses; found primarily in > North Africa and the Middle East WADX = section of wadi WALL = wall > a thick masonry structure, usually > enclosing a field or building, or > forming the side of a structure WALLA = ancient wall > the remains of a linear defensive > stone structure WEIR = weir(s) > a small dam in a stream, designed > to raise the water level or to > divert stream flow through a > desired channel WHRF = wharf(-ves) > a structure of open rather than > solid construction along a shore > or a bank which provides berthing > for ships and cargo-handling > facilities WHRL = whirlpool > a turbulent, rotating movement of > water in a stream WLL = well > a cylindrical hole, pit, or tunnel > drilled or dug down to a depth > from which water, oil, or gas can > be pumped or brought to the > surface WLLQ = abandoned well WLLS = wells > cylindrical holes, pits, or > tunnels drilled or dug down to a > depth from which water, oil, or > gas can be pumped or brought to > the surface WRCK = wreck > the site of the remains of a > wrecked vessel WTLD = wetland > an area subject to inundation, > usually characterized by bog, > marsh, or swamp vegetation WTLDI = intermittent wetland WTRC = watercourse > a natural, well-defined channel > produced by flowing water, or an > artificial channel designed to > carry flowing water WTRH = waterhole(s) > a natural hole, hollow, or small > depression that contains water, > used by man and animals, > especially in arid areas WTRW = waterworks > a facility for supplying potable > water through a water source and a > system of pumps and filtration > beds ------------------------------------------------------------------------- @ Z ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ZN = zone ZNB = buffer zone > a zone recognized as a buffer > between two nations in which > military presence is minimal or > absent ZNF = free trade zone > an area, usually a section of a > port, where goods may be received > and shipped free of customs duty > and of most customs regulations ZNL = leased zone > a tract of land leased by the > United States from Panama ZOO = zoo > a zoological garden or park where > wild animals are kept for > exhibition %************************************************************************* # CountryCodes %************************************************************************* Code Country_Name AF = AFGHANISTAN AL = ALBANIA AG = ALGERIA AN = ANDORRA AO = ANGOLA AV = ANGUILLA AC = ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA AR = ARGENTINA AM = ARMENIA AA = ARUBA AT = ASHMORE AND CARTIER ISLANDS AS = AUSTRALIA AU = AUSTRIA AJ = AZERBAIJAN BF = BAHAMAS, THE BA = BAHRAIN BG = BANGLADESH BB = BARBADOS BS = BASSAS DA INDIA BO = BELARUS BE = BELGIUM BH = BELIZE BN = BENIN BD = BERMUDA BT = BHUTAN BL = BOLIVIA BK = BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BC = BOTSWANA BV = BOUVET ISLAND BR = BRAZIL IO = BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORY VI = BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS BX = BRUNEI BU = BULGARIA UV = BURKINA FASO BM = BURMA BY = BURUNDI CB = CAMBODIA CM = CAMEROON CA = CANADA CV = CAPE VERDE CJ = CAYMAN ISLANDS CT = CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC CD = CHAD CI = CHILE CH = CHINA KT = CHRISTMAS ISLAND IP = CLIPPERTON ISLAND CK = COCOS (KEELING) ISLANDS CO = COLOMBIA CN = COMOROS CF = CONGO CG = CONGO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CW = COOK ISLANDS CR = CORAL SEA ISLANDS CS = COSTA RICA IV = COTE D'IVOIRE (CÔTE D'IVOIRE) HR = CROATIA CU = CUBA CY = CYPRUS EZ = CZECH REPUBLIC DA = DENMARK DJ = DJIBOUTI DO = DOMINICA DR = DOMINICAN REPUBLIC TT = EAST TIMOR EC = ECUADOR EG = EGYPT ES = EL SALVADOR EK = EQUATORIAL GUINEA ER = ERITREA EN = ESTONIA ET = ETHIOPIA EU = EUROPA ISLAND FK = FALKLAND ISLANDS (ISLAS MALVINAS) FO = FAROE ISLANDS FJ = FIJI FI = FINLAND FR = FRANCE FG = FRENCH GUIANA FP = FRENCH POLYNESIA FS = FRENCH SOUTHERN AND ANTARCTIC LANDS GB = GABON GA = GAMBIA, THE GZ = GAZA STRIP GG = GEORGIA GM = GERMANY GH = GHANA GI = GIBRALTAR GO = GLORIOSO ISLANDS GR = GREECE GL = GREENLAND GJ = GRENADA GP = GUADELOUPE GT = GUATEMALA GK = GUERNSEY GV = GUINEA PU = GUINEA-BISSAU GY = GUYANA HA = HAITI HM = HEARD ISLAND AND MCDONALD ISLANDS HO = HONDURAS HK = HONG KONG HU = HUNGARY IC = ICELAND IN = INDIA ID = INDONESIA IR = IRAN IZ = IRAQ EI = IRELAND IM = ISLE OF MAN IS = ISRAEL IT = ITALY JM = JAMAICA JN = JAN MAYEN JA = JAPAN JE = JERSEY JO = JORDAN JU = JUAN DE NOVA ISLAND KZ = KAZAKHSTAN KE = KENYA KR = KIRIBATI KU = KUWAIT KG = KYRGYZSTAN LA = LAOS LG = LATVIA LE = LEBANON LT = LESOTHO LI = LIBERIA LY = LIBYA LS = LIECHTENSTEIN LH = LITHUANIA LU = LUXEMBOURG MC = MACAU MK = MACEDONIA, THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MA = MADAGASCAR MI = MALAWI MY = MALAYSIA MV = MALDIVES ML = MALI MT = MALTA RM = MARSHALL ISLANDS MB = MARTINIQUE MR = MAURITANIA MP = MAURITIUS MF = MAYOTTE MX = MEXICO FM = MICRONESIA, FEDERATED STATES OF MD = MOLDOVA MN = MONACO MG = MONGOLIA MH = MONTSERRAT MO = MOROCCO MZ = MOZAMBIQUE WA = NAMIBIA NR = NAURU NP = NEPAL NL = NETHERLANDS NT = NETHERLANDS ANTILLES NC = NEW CALEDONIA NZ = NEW ZEALAND NU = NICARAGUA NG = NIGER NI = NIGERIA NE = NIUE NM = NO MAN'S LAND NF = NORFOLK ISLAND KN = NORTH KOREA NO = NORWAY OS = OCEANS MU = OMAN PK = PAKISTAN PS = PALAU PM = PANAMA PP = PAPUA NEW GUINEA PF = PARACEL ISLANDS PA = PARAGUAY PE = PERU RP = PHILIPPINES PC = PITCAIRN ISLANDS PL = POLAND PO = PORTUGAL QA = QATAR RE = REUNION RO = ROMANIA RS = RUSSIA RW = RWANDA SH = SAINT HELENA SC = SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS ST = SAINT LUCIA SB = SAINT PIERRE AND MIQUELON VC = SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES WS = SAMOA SM = SAN MARINO TP = SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE SA = SAUDI ARABIA SG = SENEGAL YI = SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO SE = SEYCHELLES SL = SIERRA LEONE SN = SINGAPORE LO = SLOVAKIA SI = SLOVENIA BP = SOLOMON ISLANDS SO = SOMALIA SF = SOUTH AFRICA SX = SOUTH GEORGIA AND THE SOUTH SANDWICH ISLANDS KS = SOUTH KOREA SP = SPAIN PG = SPRATLY ISLANDS CE = SRI LANKA SU = SUDAN NS = SURINAME SV = SVALBARD WZ = SWAZILAND SW = SWEDEN SZ = SWITZERLAND SY = SYRIA TW = TAIWAN TI = TAJIKISTAN TZ = TANZANIA TH = THAILAND TO = TOGO TL = TOKELAU TN = TONGA TD = TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO TE = TROMELIN ISLAND TS = TUNISIA TU = TURKEY TX = TURKMENISTAN TK = TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS TV = TUVALU UG = UGANDA UP = UKRAINE UF = UNDERSEA FEATURES AE = UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UK = UNITED KINGDOM US = UNITED STATES UY = URUGUAY UZ = UZBEKISTAN NH = VANUATU VT = VATICAN CITY VE = VENEZUELA VM = VIETNAM VQ = VIRGIN ISLANDS WF = WALLIS AND FUTUNA WE = WEST BANK WI = WESTERN SAHARA YM = YEMEN ZA = ZAMBIA ZI = ZIMBABWE