HR: 1330h
AN: A22B-1061    [PDF]
TI: Emissions From Miombo Woodland and Dambo Grassland Savanna Fires in Southern Africa
AU: * Sinha, P
EM: psinha@atmos.washington.edu
AF: University of Washington, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195-1640 United States
AU: Hobbs, P V
EM: phobbs@atmos.washington.edu
AF: University of Washington, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195-1640 United States
AU: Yokelson, R J
EM: byok@selway.umt.edu
AF: University of Montana, Department of Chemistry, Missoula, MT 59812 United States
AU: Blake, D R
EM: dblake@orion.oac.uci.edu
AF: University of California, Department of Chemistry, Mail Code 2025, Irvine, CA 92697 United States
AU: Gao, S
EM: sgao@caltech.edu
AF: California Institute of Technology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pasadena, CA 91125 United States
AU: Kirchstetter, T W
EM: twkirchstetter@lbl.gov
AF: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, MS-73, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720 United States
AB: African savanna fires are the largest source of biomass burning emissions worldwide, and the miombo woodland ecosystem is the most abundant type of savanna in southern Africa. Dambo grasslands are major enclaves within miombo woodlands. Savanna fires in these two ecosystems accounted for over one-third of the total area burned in southern Africa during the dry season of 2000. Airborne measurements of trace gases and particles over and downwind of two prescribed savanna fires in plots of miombo woodland and dambo grassland were obtained on September 1 and September 5, 2000, respectively. These measurements provide emission factors for a number of gaseous species including carbon dioxide (CO$_{2}$), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO$_{2}$), dimethyl sulfide (DMS), nitrogen oxides (NO$_{x}$), ammonia (NH$_{3}$), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), methane (CH$_{4}$), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), halocarbons, oxygenated compounds, as well as for particulates. Emission factors for the two fires are combined with measurements of fuel loading, combustion completeness, and burned area to estimate the emissions of trace gases and particles from miombo woodland and dambo grassland fires in southern Africa during the dry season of 2000. These estimates indicate that in August and September of 2000 miombo woodland and dambo grassland fires in southern Africa accounted for about 30%, 25%, 15%, and 64% of the emissions of CO2, CO, total hydrocarbons, and total particulate matter, respectively, emitted from all types of savanna fires in southern Africa. It is also estimated that the ratios of dry season emissions from miombo woodland and dambo grassland fires in Zambia to annual emissions from the use of biofuels in Zambia for CO$_{2}$, CO, NO$_{x}$, formic acid, CH$_{4}$, NH$_{3}$, ethane, ethene, propene, acetylene, formaldehyde, methanol, and acetic acid are 3.2, 1.5, 7.2, 2.5, 0.2, 0.6, 0.2, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.6, 0.3, and 0.5, respectively.
DE: 0300 ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE
DE: 0305 Aerosols and particles (0345, 4801)
DE: 0315 Biosphere/atmosphere interactions
DE: 0322 Constituent sources and sinks
DE: 0345 Pollution--urban and regional (0305)
SC: Atmospheric Sciences [A]
MN: 2003 Fall Meeting