HR: 1330h
AN: A32A-0132    [PDF]
TI: Atmospheric Ammonia Emissions and a Nitrogen Mass Balance for a Dairy
AU: * Rumburg, B P
EM: brumburg@wsunix.wsu.edu
AF: Laboratory for Atmospheric Reseach, Center for Multiphase Environmental Research, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Sloan Hall, Pullman, WA 99164-2910 United States
AU: Mount, G H
EM: mount@wsu.edu
AF: Laboratory for Atmospheric Reseach, Center for Multiphase Environmental Research, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Sloan Hall, Pullman, WA 99164-2910 United States
AU: Filipy, J M
EM: jenny_fi@mail.wsu.edu
AF: Laboratory for Atmospheric Reseach, Center for Multiphase Environmental Research, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Sloan Hall, Pullman, WA 99164-2910 United States
AU: Lamb, B
EM: blamb@wsu.edu
AF: Laboratory for Atmospheric Reseach, Center for Multiphase Environmental Research, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Sloan Hall, Pullman, WA 99164-2910 United States
AU: Yonge, D
EM: yonge@wsu.edu
AF: Center for Multiphase Environmental Research, Deprtment of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Sloan Hall, Pullman, WA 99164-2910 United States
AU: Wetherelt, S
AF: Department of Animal Sciences, Waashington State University, Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 United States
AB: Atmospheric ammonia (NH$_3$) emissions have many impacts on the environment and human health. Environmental NH$_3$ impacts include terrestrial and aquatic eutrophication, soil acidification, and aerosol formation. Aerosols affect global radiative transfer and have been linked to human health effects. The global emissions of NH$_3$ are estimated to be 45 Tg N yr$^{-1}$ (Dentener and Crutzen, 1994) with most of the emissions coming from domestic animals. The largest per animal emission come from dairy cows at 33 kg N animal${-1}$ year${-1}$ versus 10 kg N animal${-1}$ ${-1}$ for cattle. On a global scale the emissions uncertainty is about 25%, but local emissions are highly uncertain (Bouwman et al., 1997). Local emissions determination is required for proper treatment in air pollution models. The main sources of emission from dairies are the cow stalls where urea and manure react to form NH$_3$, the storage lagoons where NH$_3$ is the end product of microbial degradation and the disposal of the waste. There have been numerous studies of NH$_3$ emissions in Europe but farming practices are quite different in Europe than in the U.S.. The impact of these differences on emissions is unknown. We have been studying the NH$_3$ emissions from the Washington State University dairy for three years to develop a detailed emission model for use in a regional air pollution model. NH$_3$ is measured using a short-path spectroscopic absorption near 200 nm with a sensitivity of a few ppbv and a time resolution of a few seconds. The open air short-path method is advantageous because it is self calibrating and avoids inlet wall adherence which is a major problem for most NH$_3$ measurement techniques. A SF$_6$ tracer technique has been used to measure fluxes from the three main emission sources: the cow stalls, anaerobic lagoon and the waste application to grass fields using a sprinkler system. Estimated yearly emissions from each source will be compared to a nitrogen mass balance model for the dairy.
DE: 0300 ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE
DE: 0345 Pollution--urban and regional (0305)
SC: Atmospheric Sciences [A]
MN: 2003 Fall Meeting