HR: 08:15h
AN: B31B-02 INVITED     [PDF]
TI: Changes in Nitrogen Tropical Deposition Driven by Biomass Burning and Industrialization
AU: * Lara, L B
EM: luciene@cena.usp.br
AF: Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av: Centen rio 303, Piricicaba, SP 13416-000 Brazil
AU: Holland, E A
EM: eholland@ucar.edu
AF: Biogeosciences Initiative & Atmospheric Chemistry Division National Center for Atmospheric Research, PO Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80305 United States
AU: Artaxo, P
AF: Instituto de F¡sica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao, Travessa R, 187, Sao Paulo,, SP CEP 05508 Brazil
AU: Martinelli, L
EM: martinelli@cena.usp.br
AF: Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av: Centen rio 303, Piricicaba, SP 13416-000 Brazil
AB: Until few years ago, N deposition studies and the consequences for ecosystems were focused on North Hemisphere, where most of the modern N deposition occurs. Nowadays, the pattern of N deposition has changed over the globe, calling attention to other geographical areas, including tropical regions which were the important pre-industrially(Matson et al., 1999). Substantial increases of NOx and SO2 emissions have been observed in Asia and in some regions of the tropics due to the rapid industrialization, urbanization, and deforestation (Ayers et al., 2000; Lara et al., 2001). Nevertheless,little information is available for developing regions of tropical and sub-tropical areas, where land-use changes are intense and followed by rapid urbanization, associated with a large industrial expansion. Such information is relevant, since recent estimates show that in a near future more than half of N inputs related to energy consumption in the Earth will take place in tropical and subtropical regions (Galloway et al., 1994). In addition, tropical terrestrial and aquatic systems appear to function differently from temperate systems, where N limitation is more severe than in the tropics (Matson et al, 1999). Conclusions based only in studies conducted in temperate regions may not be valid for tropical and sub-tropical regions. In the tropics the annual nitrogen wet deposition range from 2 to 10 kg N/ha/yr (Williams et al., 1997; Lara et al., 2001; IGAC 2003), according to the land cover. Brazil is largely tropical. It is considered a developing country, where developed areas with large urban centers, a large number of industries, and a high-technology agricultural system coexists with developing areas with low-technology and frontier-type agricultural systems and remote regions such as Amazon Basin. These anthropogenic activities are increasing the N wet deposition from an annual rate of 3.0 kg N/ha/yr in remote areas to an annual rate of 5.6 kg N/ha/yr in disturbed regions. If this increasing in the N deposition in Brazil will persist it may affect the nitrogen regional cycle with possible consequences to the ecosystems and to the nitrogen global cycle. References: Ayers, G. P., Leong Chow Peng, Lim Sze Fook, Cheah Wai Kong, R.W. Gillett and P.C. Manins (2000), Atmospheric concentrations and deposition of oxidized sulfur and nitrogen species at Petaling Jaya, Malaysia, 1993-1998, Tellus B, 52, 60-73. Galloway, J.N.; Levy, H.; Kasibhatla, P.S. (1994) Year 2020: consequences of population growth and development on deposition of oxidized nitrogen. Ambio 23, 120-123. IGAC newsletter no. 27, DEBITS special issue, January 2003, IGACtivities Newsletter. Lara, L.B.L.S., Artaxo, P.; Martinelli, L.A.; Victoria, R.L.; Camargo, P.B.; Krusche, A.; Ayers, G.P., Ferraz, E.S.B.; Ballester, M.V. (2001) Chemical composition of rainwater and anthropogenic influences in the Piracicaba river basin, Southeast Brazil. Atmospheric Environment. 35, 4937-4945. Matson, P.A.; McDowell, W.H.; Townsend, A.R.; Vitousek, P.M. (1999) The globalization of N deposition: ecosystem consequences in tropical environments. Biogeochemistry 46, 67-83. Williams, M.R., Fisher, T.R., and Melack, J.M. (1997) Chemical composition and deposition of rain in the central Amazon, Brazil. Atmospheric Environment 31, 207-217.
DE: 0305 Aerosols and particles (0345, 4801)
DE: 0315 Biosphere/atmosphere interactions
DE: 0345 Pollution--urban and regional (0305)
DE: 0368 Troposphere--constituent transport and chemistry
DE: 0400 Biogeosciences
SC: Biogeosciences [B]
MN: 2003 Fall Meeting