HR: 08:30h
AN: OS21A-03 INVITED [PDF]
TI: NEES Tsunami "Product" Example : Standards and Guidelines for
Construction of Coastal Structures.
AU: * Synolakis, C E
EM: costas@usc.edu
AF: Univesity of Southern California, Department of Civil Engineering, Los Angeles, CA 90089 United States
AU: Eskijian, M
EM: ESKIJIM@slc.ca.gov
AF: California State Lands Commission, Marine Facilities Division, Long Beach, CA 90802 United States
AU: Borrero, J C
AF: Univesity of Southern California, Department of Civil Engineering, Los Angeles, CA 90089 United States
AU: McCarthy, D
EM: dmccarth@quiknet.com
AF: California Seismic Safety Commission, 1755 Creekside Oaks Drive, Sacramento, CA 95833 United States
AB:
In the past decade, considerable progress has been achieved in
improving tsunami inundation models. In addition to the
availability of high qualify field survey data, comparisons with
small and larger scale laboratory data as in NSF's Friday Harbor
workshop (Yeh et al., 1996) have allowed validation of inundation
predictions. By contrast, there has been far less progress in
predicting forces or in translating inundation predictions to
standards and guidelines.
One example of addressing this issue is in a companion FEMA study
undertaken jointly by the Marine Faciltiies Division of the State
Lands Commission (CSLC) with USC to develop standards and guidelines
for marine terminals in Los Angeles, Ventura and Orange Counties in
Southern California, referred to as MOTEMS. Poorly or inadequately designed oil terminals can pose significant risks to
public safety; SLC regulates the
operation of marine facilities in California waters and and has the mandate to adopt performance standards for the
construction and maintenance of these
terminals. Prior to this study, no standards existed for seismic or tsunami hazards. The consortium comprised of USC, SLC
and LLNL first completed a probabilistic hazard assessment to suggest combined probabilities for ground accelerations from
different events that might affect marine terminals in the Southland. Then both tsunamigenic faults and offshore
landslide-prone areas were identified and the associated
runup modeled (Borrero, 2002). SLC then integrated the seismic
and tsunami results and developed engineering standards for marine
oil terminals, now in the final stages to state adoption as regulations
(Eskijian et al, 2003).
While the tsunami-specific standards allow for safer design of marine
facilities, they are currently stated in terms of expected tsunami
wave heights and return periods. Consulting engineers and the CSLC
have to make their own assessments as to the adequacy of resulting
force predictions for the design tsunami heights, as well as impact
loads from ships and floating debris. While small scale data on
forces on piles and walls have been obtained in collaborative
NSF-funded studies (Harry Yeh, pers. comm.), predictions from these
data sets at prototype scales have yet to be validated. Also, no
predictions for tsunami forces from numerical models have yet been
compared with lab data.
Large scale laboratory experiments planned under NEES will allow for
the validation of numerical predictions for wave velocities and forces, the extrapolation from small scale lab experiments,
and the translation of force predictions to construction standards. It is anticipated that the latter will
include performance guidelines for the design of seawalls, wharfs,
piers, and structures to mitigate both direct and indirect
tsunamigenic losses.
References
Borrero, J.C., 2002, {\it Analysis of Tsunami Hazards in Southern
California}, PhD thesis, USC, 262p.
Eskijian, M.S. Heffron, R.E., Dahlgren, T., 2003.. {\it Engineering
Standards for Marine Oil Terminals}, in Submarine Landslides and
Tsunamis, Yacliner, A. et al (eds), NATO Science Series, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Yeh, H. Liu, P.L-F., Synolakis, {\it Long Wave Runup Models}, World Scientific.
{\it Marine Oil Terminal Engineering and Maintenance Standards}, (MOTEMS), July 2003, published by the California State Lands
Commission.
DE: 3384 Waves and tides
DE: 4251 Marine pollution
DE: 4564 Tsunamis and storm surges
DE: 6615 Legislation and regulation
SC: Ocean Sciences [OS]
MN: 2003 Fall Meeting