HR: 17:45h
AN: V12H-08 INVITED     [PDF]
TI: Sources, Fluxes and Cycling of Trace Metals on Global and Regional Scales
AU: * Pacyna, J M
EM: jp@nilu.no
AF: Norwegian Institute for Air Research, PO Box 100, Kjeller, 2027 Sweden
AB: The latest assessment of anthropogenic sources of trace metals globally and the results of the 2000 emission estimates for theses sources are presented. Stationary fossil fuel combustion continues to be the major source of Cr, Hg, Mn, Sb, Se, Sn, and Tl with respect to the coal combustion and the major source of Ni and V with respect to oil combustion. Combustion of leaded, low-leaded and unleaded gasoline continues to be the major source of atmospheric Pb emissions. The third major source of trace metals is non-ferrous metal production, which is the largest source of atmospheric As, Cd, Cu, In and Zn. The largest anthropogenic emissions of atmospheric trace metals were estimated for Asia. This can be explained by growing demands for energy in the region and increasing industrial production. As a result, the Asian emissions are not only larger than the emissions on other continents, but also showing an increasing trend. Another factor contributing to high emissions in Asia is the efficiency of emission control which is lower than in Europe and North America. Concerning the two latter continents, emissions of trace metals show a decreasing tendency over the last two decades. A comparison of global anthropogenic emission estimates with the global natural emission estimates suggests that anthropogenic emissions of Pb and V are by one order of magnitude higher than the natural emissions of the these metals. Anthropogenic emissions are a factor of 2 to 3 higher than the natural emissions for Cd and Ni, while they are comparable for Cu, Hg, Mo, Sb and Zn. The comparison also indicates that global natural emissions of As, Cr, and Se are larger than the global anthropogenic emissions of these elements by a factor of 2 to 3. Finally, the natural sources are far more significant than the anthropogenic sources for Mn.
DE: 0305 Aerosols and particles (0345, 4801)
DE: 0322 Constituent sources and sinks
SC: Volcanology, Geochemistry, Petrology [V]
MN: 2003 Fall Meeting