HR: 1330h
AN: V32A-0989    [PDF]
TI: A critical examination of the Emperor and Hawaiian volcanic chains
AU: Nathenson, M
EM: mnathnsn@usgs.gov
AF: U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025 United States
AU: * Foulger, G R
EM: g.r.foulger@durham.ac.uk
AF: University of Durham, Science Laboratories, South Rd., Durham, DH1 3LE United Kingdom
AU: Anderson, D L
EM: dla@gps.caltech.edu
AF: California Inst. of Technology, MC 252-21, Pasadena, CA 91125 United States
AU: Julian, B R
EM: julian@usgs.gov
AF: U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025 United States
AU: Natland, J H
EM: jnatland@msn.com
AF: University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 United States
AB: The Emperor and Hawaiian volcanic chains are usually assumed to represent a single entity, and to be an exemplary fit to the plume model. However, many features do not conform to this hypothesis. These include: 1) the great "bend" does not result from a change in direction of motion of the Pacific plate, since no such change occurred, 2) southerly motion of ~ 800 km of the melt locus occurred during formation of the Emperor chain, and stopped at the time of the great bend, 3) the chain apparently commenced near a ridge, 4) there is no Hawaiian "plume head", 5) the melt volume flux varies greatly along the chains and has increased by an order of magnitude during the last 5 Myr, 6) there is no significant heatflow anomaly around the bathymetric swell, 7) there is no measurable thermal rejuvenation near Hawaii, 8) low temperatures relative to those required for a plume are estimated from geothermometry, 9) there is no petrological or geochemical evidence that requires a deep melt source, and 10) seismic evidence indicates relatively normal wave speeds throughout the mantle beneath Hawaii. A large number of seamounts unaffiliated with volcanic chains have similar geochemistry to Hawaii. A fully quantified hypothesis for Hawaii that can explain these features is long overdue.
UR: http://www.mantleplumes.org/Hawaii.html
DE: 1025 Composition of the mantle
DE: 8109 Continental tectonics--extensional (0905)
DE: 8121 Dynamics, convection currents and mantle plumes
DE: 8124 Earth's interior--composition and state (old 8105)
SC: Volcanology, Geochemistry, Petrology [V]
MN: 2003 Fall Meeting