HR: 08:30h
AN: PP31C-03    [Abstracts]
TI: The 1452 A.D. Kuwae Eruption Signal Derived from Multiple Ice Core Records: Greatest Eruption over the Past 700 Years
AU: * Gao, C
EM: cgao@envsci.rutgers.edu
AF: Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 United States
AU: Robock, A
EM: robock@envsci.rutgers.edu
AF: Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 United States
AU: Self, S
EM: Stephen.Self@open.ac.uk
AF: Department of Earth Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA United Kingdom
AU: Witter, J
EM: witt_98103@yahoo.com
AF: Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2500 Campus Road, Hawai`i Hall 202, Honolulu, HI 96822 United States
AU: Steffenson, J
EM: jps@gfy.ku.dk
AF: Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, Copenhagen, DK-2200 Denmark
AU: Clausen, H
EM: hbc@gfy.ku.dk
AF: Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, Copenhagen, DK-2200 Denmark
AU: Siggaard-Andersen, M
EM: mlsa@gfy.ku.dk
AF: Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, Copenhagen, DK-2200 Denmark
AU: Johnsen, S
EM: sigfus@gfy.ku.dk
AF: Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, Copenhagen, DK-2200 Denmark
AU: Mayewski, P A
EM: Paul.Mayewski@maine.edu
AF: Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, Orono, MA 04469 United States
AU: Ammann, C
EM: ammann@ucar.edu
AF: National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1850 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder, CO 80305 United States
AB: We combined 20 ice core records, 10 from the Northern Hemisphere and 10 from the Southern Hemisphere to determine the timing and magnitude of the Great Kuwae Eruption in the mid-15th century. The volcanic deposition signals were extracted by applying a high pass loess filter to each time series and examining peaks that exceed twice the 30-yr running median absolute deviation. By accounting for the dating uncertainties associated with each record, these ice core records together reveal a large volcanogenic acid deposition event during 1453-1457 A.D. The results suggest only one major stratospheric injection from the Kuwae eruption and confirm previous findings that the Kuwae eruption took place in 1452, which may serve as a reference to evaluate and improve the dating of ice core records. The average total sulfate deposition from the Kuwae eruption was 103 kg SO₄/km² in Antarctica and 44 kg SO₄/km² in Greenland. By applying the same technique to the other major eruptions of the past 700 yr, our result suggests that the Kuwae eruption was the largest stratospheric sulfate event of that period, probably surpassing the total sulfate deposition of the Tambora eruption of 1815, which produced 65 kg SO₄/km² in Antarctica and 49 SO₄/km² in Greenland.
DE: 8408 Volcano/climate interactions (1605, 3309)
DE: 8409 Atmospheric effects (0370)
SC: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology [PP]
MN: Fall Meeting 2005