HR: 0800h
AN: V41G-1548    [Abstracts]
TI: Towards the Theory of the Age, Origin and Demise of the Universe - A Geochemical/Isotopic Perspective
AU: * Gargi, S P
EM: sgargi@yahoo.com
AF: Notre Dame College, 4545 College Road, Cleveland, OH 44121-4293 United States
AB: Both the Big Bang and Unified Field theories are derived from Einstein's well known theory of Relativity. The former only describes how the Universe was created, that is by the explosion of an extremely condensed state of energy, the Singular State. It provides no information regarding the time of its creation. The latter shows that progressively heavier matter is continually created in space-time from structured nothingness. However, Hubble later showed a strong correlation between the relative distantance of the galaxies and their receding velocity. As the array formed by this relation passes through the point of origin, it was readily accepted as the physical evidence for the Big Bang theory. Based on this relation at that time, the age of the Universe was estimated to be less than 4 Gyrs. The upper age limit of formation (T_M ) of any radioactive isotope by nucleosynthesis can be determined, provided no daughter isotopes were formed at that time, from the equation: N = N_A × e^(-λT_M); where N_A is the total number of parent nuclides formed, N is the number of present-day parent nuclides, and λ is the decay constant. The above equation yields the T_M age of 155, 196, 17.68, 5.56, and 7.16 Gyrs for ⁸⁷Rb, ¹⁴⁷Sm, ²³²Th, ²³⁵U, ²³⁸U respectively. For these elements to form at any time later than their respective T_M, part of their daughter isotopes also have to be formed by nucleosynthesis. For example, if ²³²Th were to form about seven Gyrs ago, it would require that 85% of ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb be formed by nucleosynthesis. Thus the three isotopes ²³²Th, ²³⁵U, and ²³⁸U, no matter when they form between 17.68 and 4.55 Gyrs ago; they all violate the Unified Field theory, either because of the formation of ²⁰⁸Pb before ²⁰⁶Pb and ²⁰⁷Pb, or the formation of ²³⁸U before ²³⁵U. The time of total decay (T_D) for any radioactive isotope cannot be determined by using the radioactivity equation. One possible way is to estimate the T_D age by extrapolating the bulk Earth parent atomic isotopic ratios to the zero value. This yields T_D age of about 68.8, 150.58, 49.02, 25.72, 0.05, 4.50 Gyrs for ⁸⁷Rb, ¹⁴⁷Sm, ¹⁷⁶Lu, ²³²Th, ²³⁵U, and ²³⁸U respectively. If the T_D age of an isotope is added to the time of its first creation (T_C) (Cf. Gargi 1987), the resulting value yields the total time of its existence (T_E) in the Universe. A plot of the T_E vs. the atomic mass of these isotopes defines a strong negative correlation. The linear array thus formed intercepts the X-axis at about 1106 Gyrs and the Y-axis at the atomic mass of about 242, and is named here as Doomsdaychron. It probably suggests that all matter would disintegrate in about 200 Gyrs. This estimate of the time is similar to what many particle physicists believe when all matter would eventually disintegrate. Thus, this correlation again reinforces the idea that the bulk Earth parameters are not random values resulting from nucleosynthesis, but are infact cosmic parameters. Based on this assumption and the correlation between T_C and their atomic mass, Gargi (1987) suggested that the Universe came into being from a Singular State about 900 Gyrs ago. Also, the best physical evidence for the Unified Field theory is provided by the problems related to the excess radiogenic lead, and the μ value. These problems are the result of ²³⁸U and to some extent ²³⁵U being created in space-time well after the formation of the Solar system. Thus, for any theory for the age of the universe to be valid it has to account for the present-day isotopic ratios of Th, U and Pb.
DE: 1099 General or miscellaneous
DE: 1199 General or miscellaneous
SC: Volcanology, Geochemistry, Petrology [V]
MN: Fall Meeting 2005