A21D-0733 

SHADOZ in the Aura Era

* Witte, J C (witte@gavial.gsfc.nasa.gov), SSAI, NASA/GSFC. Mail Stop 613.3, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States Thompson, A M (anne@met.psu.edu), Penn State, 510 Walker Building University Park, State College, PA 16802, Oltmans, S J (samuel.j.oltmans@noaa.gov), NOAA/ESRL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303, United States Schoeberl, M R (mark.r.schoeberl@nasa.gov), NASA/GSFC, Mail Stop 613.3, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States Bhartia, P K (pawan.k.bhartia), NASA/GSFC, Mail Stop 613.3, Greenbelt, MD 20771, Froidevaux, L (Lucien.Froidevaux@jpl.nasa.gov), JPL, M/S 183-701 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, United States Schmidlin, F (francis.j.schmidlin@nasa.gov), NASA/WFF, Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes Observational Science Branch, NASA/Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, VI 23337, United States Calpini, B (Bertrand.Calpini@meteoswiss.ch), MeteoSwiss, CH-1530 Payerne Switzerland, Payerne, 1530, Switzerland Shiotani, M (shiotani@kurasc.kyoto-u.ac.jp), Kyoto University, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 6110011, Japan Fujiwara, M (fuji@ees.hokudai.ac.jp), Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 0600810, Japan Posny, F (posny@univ-reunion.fr), University of la Reunion, Laboratoire de Physique de l'Atmosphère, 15 Avenue René Cassin, BP 7151 97715 St Denis Messag Cedex 9, La Reunion, 97714, France Vomel, H (Holger.Voemel@Colorado.edu), CIRES, University of Colorado Campus Box 216, Boulder, 80309, United States Chow, K K (chow@kjc.gov.my), Malaysian Meteorological Service, Jalan Sultan 46667 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, 46667, Malaysia Coetzee, G J (coetzee@weathersa.co.za), South African Weather Service, Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism Private Bag X 97, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa Kelder, H (kelder@knmi.nl AF:

We present comparisons of observed tropical and sub-tropical ozone from the Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) project with satellite measurements using Aura's Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instruments. Satellite products of total and derived tropospheric column ozone from OMI and profiles of ozone in the UT/LS region from MLS are used.

A21D-0734 

Ozone variation in the tropical tropopause layer as seen from ozonesonde data

* Takashima, H (hisahiro@rish.kyoto-u.ac.jp), Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan Shiotani, M (shiotani@rish.kyoto-u.ac.jp), Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan

Ozone variations with seasonal and intraseasonal timescales in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) are investigated using a 5-year tropical ozonesonde data set from the SHADOZ (Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes) archive. The longitudinal ozone distribution in the tropical upper troposphere (TUT) shows a zonal wave one structure with maxima around the Atlantic and Africa and minima around the western Pacific throughout the year, while the annual variation shows maxima during northern summer to autumn at most longitudes. We compare the ozone distribution with the vertical temperature structure and found that the lapse rate is gradual (steep) at the ozone-enhanced (reduced) longitude and season. The east-west temperature structure and ozone variation in the TUT may be explained by the longitudinal variation of the large-scale atmospheric responses to the tropical heat source, which could govern both the temperature structure and the vertical transport processes. Ozone variability in the TUT is also large around the Atlantic and Africa and small around the western Pacific. However, the zonal wave one structure is not clear in the temperature variability and in the correlation coefficient between ozone and temperature, which can be related with wave activities around the tropopause. Remarkably large ozone variabilities with good correlation are observed in Africa during summer and in the central Pacific during autumn-winter. These are associated with large-scale equatorial waves, but the longitudinal variation of the wave activities does not seem to be an important factor in the zonal wave one structure of ozone.

A21D-0735 

Tropospheric ozone-enhanced layers observed over the equatorial Pacific Ocean and the contribution of transport of midlatitude UT/LS air

* Kita, K (kita@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp), College of Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, 310-8512, Japan Hayashi, H (nd5407g@mcs.ibaraki.ac.jp), College of Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, 310-8512, Japan Taguchi, S (s.taguchi@aist.go.jp), Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8569, Japan

Occurrence and its seasonal variation of ozone (O3)-enhanced layers in the troposphere over the equatorial Pacific Ocean were investigated based on ozonesonde data obtained at three Southern Hemisphere ADditional OZonesondes (SHADOZ) sites, Watukosek, American Samoa and San Cristobal, for 6 years between 1998 and 2003. The O3-enhanced layers were frequently observed at the three sites, and their occurrence was about 50% on average. The formation processes of O3-enhanced layers were investigated by meteorological analyses including backward trajectories. Several O3-enhanced layers resulted from the transport of air masses affected by biomass burning. The contribution of this process was about 30% at San Cristobal during February to March period and August to September period, while it was relatively low, about 10%, at Watukosek and Samoa. A significant part of the O3-enhanced layers were attributed to the transport of midlatitude upper-troposphere and lower-stratosphere (UT/LS) air. Meteorological analyses indicated that these layers were originated from equatorward and downward transport of the midlatitude UT/LS air masses through a narrow region between high and low pressure systems around subtropical jet stream. This process accounts for about 50% of observed O3-enhanced layers at Watukosek, about 80% of those at Samoa, and about 30% of those at San Cristobal, indicating that it was important for O3 budget over the equatorial Pacific Ocean.

A21D-0736 

Rossby and Gravity Wave Influences in the Tropical Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere Based on SHADOZ (Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes) Soundings, 1998-2006

Miller, S K (smiller@meteo.psu.edu), Penn State Univ, Meteorology Dept 503 Walker Bldg, Univ Park, PA 16802, United States * Thompson, A M (anne@met.psu.edu), Penn State Univ, Meteorology Dept 503 Walker Bldg, Univ Park, PA 16802, United States Loucks, A L (all248@psu.edu), Penn State Univ, Meteorology Dept 503 Walker Bldg, Univ Park, PA 16802, United States Lee, S (sl@meteo.psu.edu), Penn State Univ, Meteorology Dept 503 Walker Bldg, Univ Park, PA 16802, United States Shelow, D M (ams391@psu.edu), Penn State Univ, Meteorology Dept 503 Walker Bldg, Univ Park, PA 16802, United States Witte, J C (witte@gavial.gsfc.nasa.gov), SSAI at NASA/Goddard, Code 613.3 NASA-GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States

Wave activity in the tropics plays a role in transporting ozone and water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS), helping to regulate energy and radiation in this region. The relative importance of advection and convective processes in ozone and water vapor budgets in the tropical UT/LS has been argued through analyses of tracers, related physical parameters (eg OLR, precipitable water, temperature) and with models. Stable laminae in SHADOZ (1998-2006) ozone profiles are interpreted in terms of Rossby wave or gravity wave disturbances with the reasoning that Rossby waves (RW) create ozone filaments transported quasi-horizontally along isentropes; gravity waves (GW) are associated with vertical transport. Using the method of Pierce and Grant [1998] as applied by Thompson et al. [2007], amplitudes and frequencies in ozone laminae are compared among SHADOZ sites in Africa, and over the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans. Ozone laminae from RW occur more often below the tropical tropopause but with much less frequency than GW that maximizes in the TTL and lower stratosphere. Indices for RW and GW are developed and an exploratory study is carried out to investigate possible causes of these waves. http://croc.gsfc.nasa.gov/shadoz

A21D-0737 

An Evaluation of the Impact of Lightning NO Emissions in the GMI Model on Upper Tropospheric Chemistry in the Tropics using SHADOZ data

* Allen, D J (allen@atmos.umd.edu), Dept. of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, Pickering, K E (pickerin@atmos.umd.edu), Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA-GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20705, Duncan, B N (duncan@hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov), UMBC-Goddard Earth Science and Technology Center, NASA-GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20705, Strahan, S E (strahan@prometheus.gsfc.nasa.gov), UMBC-Goddard Earth Science and Technology Center, NASA-GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20705, Rodriguez, J M (jrodriguez@hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov), Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA-GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20705, Damon, M (Megan.R.Damon@nasa.gov), Northrop Grumman Corporation, Code 610.3; NASA-GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20705,

NASA's Global Modeling Initiative off-line tropospheric chemistry model (GMI-CTM) is used to study the role lightning NO emissions play in determining upper tropospheric ozone distributions in the tropics and especially at SHADOZ sites. Simulations of 2004 and 2005 were performed driven by meteorological fields from version 4 of the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-4) reanalysis. The GMI-CTM was run with no lightning NO emissions, with lightning NO emissions based on climatological cloud top heights, and with lightning NO emissions based on GEOS-4 convective mass fluxes. We will first examine the output for middle and upper tropospheric reactive odd nitrogen and ozone with respect to the spatial and temporal distributions of the model flash rates. Comparisons will be made between the model output for these species and observations. Ozone mixing ratios from the model will be compared with the SHADOZ climatology and with soundings during the time period of the assimilation. The contribution of lightning NO to the upper tropospheric NO and ozone budget will be assessed for selected time periods. The impact of the convective-based lightning algorithm on the agreement between SHADOZ- and model-calculated profiles will be discussed.

A21D-0738 

Comparison of Ozone Profiles From Three Sites in the Equatorial Eastern Pacific and the Caribbean (Galapagos, Costa Rica, Barbados)

* Oltmans, S J (Samuel.J.Oltmans@noaa.gov), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, United States Voemel, H (Holger.Voemel@noaa.gov), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, United States Voemel, H (Holger.Voemel@noaa.gov), CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States Johnson, B (Bryan.Johnson@noaa.gov), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, United States Thompson, A M (anne@meteo.psu.edu), Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States

Until very recently there has been very little information on the behavior of ozone in the lower stratosphere and troposphere from locations in the equatorial eastern Pacific and Caribbean. Three ozonesonde stations inaugurated as part of intensive field campaigns that have continued measurements on a year-round basis, have provided new insights into ozone profile behavior in this region. One site in the Galapagos Islands (0.9S, 89.6W) in the equatorial S.H. has operated for several years as part of the SHADOZ network. Two sites in the N.H. in Costa Rica (9.9N, 84.2W) and Barbados (13.20N, 59.5W) have been operating for two years and one year respectively and are the most recent additions to the SHADOZ network. The ozone profiles in Costa Rica and Barbados represent the first year-round observations in this region since the earliest ozonesondes measurements in the 1960s when there were significant uncertainties in ozonesonde performance. In Barbados and Costa Rica there is a significant seasonal contrast in the troposphere between the two sites. During the winter months (DEC-JAN-FEB) both sites show a similar and relatively constant mixing ratio of ~40-45 ppbv from about 4-13 km, increasing from about 25 ppbv at the surface. In the July-August period there are significant differences between the two sites. Below 3 km in Costa Rica mixing ratios are about 25-30 ppbv with a monotonic increase to about 50 ppbv at 14 km. At Barbados on the other hand, surface amounts are lower at about 15 ppbv increasing to about 30 ppbv at 3 km, which is equivalent to Costa Rica at that altitude. The dramatic difference between the two sites is seen in the 3-12 km altitude region. At 6 km at Barbados the average profile for July- August reaches a peak of nearly 65 ppbv, about 25 ppbv greater than seen over Costa Rica. This large enhancement over Barbados may reflect the influence of ozone produced from lightning associated with convection over Africa.

A21D-0739 [WITHDRAWN] 

Correlation Lengths and Measurement Uncertainties from Analysis of Historical Ozonesonde Data in North America and Europe

* Liu, G (Guiping.Liu@ec.gc.ca), Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada Tarasick, D W (david.tarasick@ec.gc.ca), Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada Fioletov, V E (Vitali.Fioletov@ec.gc.ca), Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada

A spatial and temporal correlation analysis is performed on WOUDC (World Ozone Data Centre) ozonesonde data for 13 stations at mid-latitudes in North America and Europe. As much as 40 years of data is available for some stations. After removal of the seasonal cycle and periodic variations such as the QBO, as well as of long- term trends, spatial correlation (relative to other stations) coefficients and auto-correlation coefficients are calculated. Ozone partial pressure data at 1 km altitude resolution are used. The auto-correlation function appears to drop rapidly within few days, and the spatial correlation decreases with the distance between stations. The distance for the spatial correlation coefficient to decrease by 1/e is about 1000-2000 km in the stratosphere with a peak at around 22 km, and 500-1000 km in the troposphere. If the calculated values of the correlation coefficient with space (or time) are fitted to an exponential function, the extrapolation of this function to zero distance (or time) provides an estimate of the ozonesonde measurement uncertainty. The ozonesonde uncertainty is found to be less than 7% for altitudes in the 20-30 km range. In the troposphere the uncertainty is about 15% , with higher values in the boundary layer and near the tropopause. These results are broadly consistent with those from the recent JOSIE and BESOS field experiments (Smit et al., 2007; Deshler et al., 2007). If the profiles are normalized to total ozone measurements, the uncertainties decrease by few percent at altitudes higher than 20 km.

Author(s) (2007), Title, Eos Trans. AGU, 88(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract #####-##.