P51C-0666
Advanced Computer Modeling of the Lunar Plasma Environment in the Dynamic Terrestrial Magnetosphere
Advanced 3D multi-fluid modeling is used to quantify the plasma environment around the Moon when it is inside the Earth's magnetosphere for quiet to storm conditions. The multi-fluid model incorporates ion cyclotron and multi-ion species effects similar to hybrid codes but the fluid treatment enables grid refinement down to as small as 100 km. This high resolution is unique to the multi-fluid modeling, enabling the model to resolve the lunar near space environment in the context of the global terrestrial magnetosphere. Difference in the spatial features of the electrons, light and heavy ions implies that the behaviour of heavy ions can not be inferred from electron measurements.
P51C-0667
Ejection of Moon From Superheat Earth in Context of the Dichotomous Conception of the Origin of the Solar System
In framework of the dichotomous conception of the Solar system formation /(Kompanichenko, 1992, 2005/) the origin of Earth-Moon system is considered in the common row with origin of the rest planet-satellite/(s/) systems. These systems have a lot of common peculiarities that emphasizes unity of their formation. Thus, almost all satellites turn with the same side to the maternal planets. According to the dichotomous hypothesis, all satellites were ejected from the maternal superheat planets about 4.5 Gyr. At the beginning of this process young Sun ejected superheat protoplanetary mass due to extraordinary high level of inner nonequilibrium. At this early stage of a star evolution the heat expansion may much prevail over the gravitational compression because of still insufficient mass of the synthesized heavy core. Division of some very young stars into two components was corroborated by the direct observations /(Mirabel and Rodriguez, 1999/). According to the model of Solar system formation, the triple cycle of dichotomy /(division into two components/) occurred: 1st cycle – formation of inner and outer components; 2nd – appearance of two inner and two outer components; 3rd - emergence of four inner and four outer solar planets. Then some of the superheat planets ejected satellites. The ejected from Jupiter protosatellite mass divided into 4 fragments during the double cycle of dichotomy. The following double cycle of dichotomy of each fragment had led to formation of 16 Jupiter's satellites. The spontaneous process of the initial protoplanetary mass destroying was accompanied by ejection of numerous smaller clots of matter transformed later on into hard asteroids, comets and meteorites. In context of this global process, dichotomy of the superheat Earth and Moon had led to much decrease of their energetic potential and transition to quieter character of evolution. The reduced level of inner nonequilibrium didn't allow the early Earth to eject some more superheat material, but provided its global differentiation. The following continuous geological renovation of Earth proceeds on the background of its gradual cooling and interrupts from time to time by failing splashes of endogenous activity. Reference. V. Kompanichenko /(2005/) Origin of Planetary Systems Due to Dichotomous Division of the Ejected Superheat Mass. Frontier Perspectives, 14/1, 14-25.
P51C-0668
A substantiation of cyclic process of the system Earth–Moon-Sun tidal evolution
The present-day knowledge of the Earth and thorough description of the tidal force affecting the system Earth–Moon-Sun permits us to work out in detail a tidal evolution model. Thus we get a possibility to reconstruct global variations of the climate. The tidal evolution of natural processes on the Earth that has a huge satellite (the Moon mass is only 81 times less than the Earth mass) essentially differs from the evolution on a planet that has no satellite. There are some natural processes that are well-known in astrometry and geophysics but disregarded by experts in geodynamics and geotectonics. The movement of the rotation axis in the Earth's body is discovered more a century ago, but there is no a model explaining the mechanism of this process. Our predecessors emphasized importance of the discovery and suggested desire of such a model. G.H.Darwin in his comments on "Z–term" in the latitude variation wrote this movement could be due to alternate displacement of the Earth center. To explain the scale of that phenomena it is enough to adopt a displacement of the Earth center by twelve feet. A question is to the point is whether the Earth axis movement concerns with the Inner core (IC) displacements. There are some reasons testifying to forced movements of the IC. To understand the forcing influence one must not simplify the Earth's real orbital movement. In fact the system Earth–Moon rotates around the Sun with the period of year. The ecliptic is a plane containing the orbit of the Earth and the Moon mass center (barycenter). The Sun attraction is balanced dynamically in the barycenter but not in the Earth center. As a result, the Earth rotates just as the Moon round the barycenter with the period of the Moon month, and therefore the IC is subjected to a variable tidal force (1910). Newton in Append. XXV, problem VI, underlined that inasmuch as the Earth and the Moon rotate round their common mass center, the Earth movement is disturbed with similar forces. Laplace formula describes imperfectly the tidal force. One should not ignore perturbation terms. The first model was proposed by Kelvin and worked out in detail by G.H.Darwin. The model became a classic part of scientific and educational literature but without perturbations in the Earth orbit by the Sun. Provided the principal conception of the tidal evolution model is kept, we defined more accurately a model of the Earth structure and its orbital perturbations. The gravity variations due to the IC displacements are of the same order as the Moon tidal effect without perturbations. The both effects influence similarly the ocean currents and the hydrosphere dynamical figure. One can compare the model above with data of historical geology. Climatologists distinguish at least three epochs: transitions Algonk–Cambrian and Carbon–Perm, and Quaternary. Duration of mid-glaciations is of 200–250 Myear. Taken this value for the cycle duration and 2×1012 W for the power of variability of the rotation kinetic energy, one can estimate ranges of variation: ±4R for the Earth–Moon distance, ±6° for the ecliptic tilt, and 3.8×1018 erg/s for the power of the IC moves the outer liquids. Our studies are now at a first stage. The aim of the presentation is to show untapped possibilities in the tidal evolution model. Its updating bases on the data that were absent before and must be taken now into account for a discussion of ideas of historical geology and paleomagnetism.
P51C-0669
Paleomagnetic Pole Locations of Lunar Swirl Albedo Magnetic Anomalies: A possible Pre- existence of Ancient Lunar dynamo
The nature and the origin of the magnetic fields responsible of lunar remanent magnetization are highly debated. There are two possible magnetization processes; either the crustal field was generated by an ancient lunar dynamo or it was generated by external transient fields impact. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that the lunar magnetic field was generated by a paleo lunar dynamo process. Magnetometer data obtained by Lunar Prospector showed high swirl albedo over certain regions were inverted to determine paleomagnetic pole locations. These selected formations seem to have an Imbrian age. The mostly lie antipodal to large impact basins such as Descartes Formation, Mare Marginis, Mare Ingenii and Gerasimovich. The Reiner Gamma and Airy crater have not previously associated with antipodal impact basins. The modeling of these anomalies shows a clustered paleomagnetic pole positions within a radius of 35 degrees centered at (30S, 225E). This result supports the hypothesis of a now extincted paleo lunar dynamo that may have probably magnetized rocks of lunar crust. The scattered positions of the other obtained paleomagnetic pole locations suggest that the lunar remanent magnetization were since modified by subsequent impact events.
P51C-0670
Modelling and interpreting magnetic anomaly features over lunar mare using a GIS method
The global magnetic anomaly maps derived from the Lunar Prospector vector magnetometer data has revealed weak anomalies over the regions flooded by lunar mare basalts and strong anomalies over the regions diametrically opposite to some of the largest basin-forming impact craters. Conversely, the spectrometer data over the Lunar mare show a high concentration of FeO by weight, suggesting that iron could mostly be present in the form of ilmenites and other high Titanium oxide. Among the mare basins, Crisium and Marginis show anomaly strength > 4 nT at 30 km altitude while Serenitatis, Fecundiatis, Nectaris, Australe and Moscoviense show strength < 4 nT. Large mare basins Imbrium and Orientale show the weakest features < 1.5 nT. The anomalies are modelled in terms of vertically integrated magnetization model of the lunar crust. The lunar crustal thickness model, paleomagnetic measurements of the samples collected from Apollo Lunar mission and the known geological regions covering the lunar mare are combined together following a Geographic Information System based technique to compute a lunar crustal magnetization model (LCMM). Vector magnetic anomaly maps are predicted at an altitude of 30 km using LCMM and are compared with the corresponding observed magnetic anomaly map. The sources causing the magnetic anomalies, in particular the thickness of the underlying basalts are modified to match the observations. Some of the regions, for instance north of Mare Marginis, not occupied by the present known surface expression of the mare regions also show strong anomaly features whose causative sources need to be understood and modelled.