HR: 1340h
AN: H43D-1608    [Abstracts]
TI: Simulation of cooling effect of newly-innovated urban pavements on water and heat budgets
AU: * Nakayam, T
EM: nakat@nies.go.jp
AF: National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
AU: Fujita, T
AF: National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
AB: People often suffer from the intense summer heat in Japan. This trend is increasing in urban areas because of the heat island effect and global warming. The present research evaluated the effect of pavements made of traditional and new materials on water and heat budgets. We coupled the NIES Integrated Catchment-based Eco- hydrology (NICE) model (Nakayama, 2007; Nakayama and Watanabe, 2004, 2006, 2007; Nakayama et al., 2006, 2007) to an urban canopy model in order to simulate the water and heat budgets in various types of natural and artificial pavements (covered by lawn, concrete, steel plate, synthetic rubber sheet, infiltration and water-holding blocks), and to evaluate the role of a new surface material in promoting evaporation and cooling to counter the heat island phenomenon (NICE-URBAN), by comparing with the simplified empirical model. Furthermore, using the heat conductivities of natural soil, we arranged these values for artificial pavement in the model equations by including the effect of the amount of water on the heat characteristics in the material. The simulated belowground water agreed with the observed value because this model includes the processes of both interception store and soil moisture store. The NICE-URBAN simulated more correctly the cooling of water-holding pavement during the intense heat of summer in an urban area than the empirical model. Because the model estimates that the air temperature at the water-holding pavement is 2 (deg.) lower than that at the lawn and 5 (deg.) lower than that at the building rooftop, it is very powerful to use this material for positive cooling effect in combination with the lawn for passive cooling effect. The simulation of NICE-URBAN showed that the decrease of surface temperature in water-holding pavement is closely related to the promotion of evaporation from the surface, the water volume of the pavement and the surface reflectance. References; 1)Nakayama,T.,Watanabe,M.,WRR,40,doi:10.1029/2004WR003174,2004. 2)Nakayama,T.,Watanabe,M.,HESSD,3,2101-2144,2006. 3)Nakayama,T.,et al.,HP,20(16),3441-3466,doi:10.1002/hyp.6142,2006. 4)Nakayama,T.,Ecol.Model.,2007(revised). 5)Nakayama,T.,Watanabe,M.,HP,doi:10.1002/hyp.6684,2007. 6)Nakayama,T.,et al.,STOTEN,373(1),270-288,doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.11.033,2007.
DE: 1803 Anthropogenic effects (4802, 4902)
DE: 1813 Eco-hydrology
DE: 1840 Hydrometeorology
DE: 1847 Modeling
DE: 1876 Water budgets
SC: Hydrology [H]
MN: 2007 Fall Meeting