HR: 0800h
AN: V21A-0388    [Abstracts]
TI: Monitoring of the 2007 Eruption of Kluichevskoi Volcano Using the ASTER Urgent Request Protocol
AU: * Rose, S
EM: srr13@pitt.edu
AF: University of Pittsburgh, Department of Geology and Planetary Science 200 SRCC, Pittsburgh, PA 15217, United States
AU: Ramsey, M
EM: mramsey@pitt.edu
AF: University of Pittsburgh, Department of Geology and Planetary Science 200 SRCC, Pittsburgh, PA 15217, United States
AB: The automated rapid response system and urgent request protocol of the Earth-orbiting ASTER instrument have provided an unprecedented time series of high-resolution, multispectral data throughout the 2007 eruption of Kluichevskoi Volcano, Russia. The Kamchatka Volcanic and Eruption Response Team (KVERT) first reported a weak thermal anomaly within the summit crater on 14 December 2006. By mid-January 2007, Strombolian explosions initiated along with associated ash, gas/steam plumes, and an increase in volcanic tremor. Immediately thereafter, the ASTER urgent request protocol was initiated, capturing day and night paired data approximately once every ten days, resulting in 40 datasets from January through June. During this time, small Strombolian explosive events punctuated longer-lived effusive stages, which produced three lava flows (~ 4 km in length) on the northern (26 April), northwestern (28 May), and southeastern (6 June) flanks. Lahars, associated with flow emplacement over snow/ice, extended up to 3 km from the flow terminus. Initially, maximum temperatures of the summit thermal anomaly were approximately 10 C above background (-30 C). However, steadily increasing temperatures coincident with the onset of lava effusion from the summit on 26 April resulted in the first occurrence of saturated thermal infrared (TIR; 97 C) and subsequently the short-wave infrared (SWIR; 467 C) pixels. Incandescence of the active lava flows was also observed in the visible-near infrared (VNIR) data and solar-corrected daytime datasets yielded maximum lava flow temperatures between 856 and 905 C. Consistent saturation of both the TIR and SWIR data between April and June suggests that vigorous effusive activity from the summit crater was continuous and well established in open channels at that time. The lava flow time series in conjunction with ASTER's digital elevation model (DEM) capabilities provide a framework for extracting additional information such as lava effusion rates. Using the pre-flow slope calculated from the 18 March ASTER-derived DEM and the down-slope advance during the 13 hours between image pairs on 5 and 6 June, the average flow velocity was calculated to be approximately 26 m/hr. However, image acquisitions conducted following the 5 and 6 June datasets suggest effusive activity ceased shortly thereafter. Validation in the field was conducted during August 2007 using a high-spatial resolution airborne thermal imaging camera. These data revealed continual cooling of the lava flows with the maximum temperatures not in excess of 20 C. Future work includes the determination of compositional, textural, heat flux, and cooling rate of the three lava flows. This study also provides a basis from which to study other active volcanic systems using spaceborne infrared remote sensing.
DE: 8419 Volcano monitoring (7280)
DE: 8425 Effusive volcanism
DE: 8428 Explosive volcanism
DE: 8485 Remote sensing of volcanoes
SC: Volcanology, Geochemistry, Petrology [V]
MN: 2007 Fall Meeting