HR: 0800h
AN: V51A-0331 [Abstracts]
TI: Improved EPMA Trace Element Accuracy Using a Matrix Iterated Quantitative Blank Correction
AU: * Donovan, J J
EM: donovan@uoregon.edu
AF: University of Oregon, Department of Chemistry
1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, United States
AU: Wark, D A
EM: wark@research.ge.com
AF: General Electric Global Research, One Research Circle
Building K1, Room 1D-37A, Niskayuna, NY 12180, United States
AU: Jercinovic, M J
EM: mjj@geo.umass.edu
AF: University of Massachusetts, Department of Geosciences, Amherst, MA 01003-9297,
United States
AB:
At trace element levels below several hundred PPM, accuracy is more often the limiting factor for EPMA
quantification rather than precision. Modern EPMA instruments equipped with low noise detectors, counting
electronics and large area analyzing crystals can now routinely achieve sensitivities for most elements in the 10
to 100 PPM levels (or even lower). But due to various sample and instrumental artifacts in the x-ray continuum,
absolute accuracy is often the limiting factor for ultra trace element quantification. These artifacts have various
mechanisms, but are usually attributed to sample artifacts (e.g., sample matrix absorption edges)1, detector
artifacts (e.g., Ar or Xe absorption edges) 2 and analyzing crystal artifacts (extended peak tails preventing accurate
determination of the true background and ¡§negative peaks¡¨ or ¡§holes¡¨ in the x-ray continuum). The latter being
first described3 by Self, et al. and recently documented for the Ti kĄ in quartz geo-thermometer. 4
Ti (ka) Ti (ka) Ti (ka) Ti (ka) Ti (ka) Si () O () Total
Average: -.00146 -.00031 -.00180 .00013 .00240 46.7430 53.2563 99.9983
Std Dev: .00069 .00075 .00036 .00190 .00117 .00000 .00168 .00419
The general magnitude of these artifacts can be seen in the above analyses of Ti ka in a synthetic quartz
standard. The values for each spectrometer/crystal vary systematically from ¡V18 PPM to + 24 PPM.
The exact mechanism for these continuum ¡§holes¡¨ is not known but may be related to secondary lattice
diffraction occurring at certain Bragg angles depending on crystal mounting orientation for non-isometric
analyzing crystals5. These x-ray continuum artifacts can produce systematic errors at levels up to 100 PPM or
more depending on the particular analytical situation. In order to correct for these inaccuracies, a ¡§blank¡¨
correction has been developed that applies a quantitative correction to the measured x-ray intensities during the
matrix iteration, by calculating the intensity contribution from the systematic quantitative offset from a known
(usually zero level) blank standard. Preliminary results from this new matrix iterated trace element blank
correction demonstrate that systematic errors can be reduced to single digit PPM levels for many situations.
1B.W. Robinson, N.G. Ware and D.G.W. Smith, 1998. "Modern Electron-Microprobe Trace-Element Analysis in
Mineralogy". In Cabri, L.J. and Vaughan, D.J., Eds. "Modern Approaches to Ore and Environmental Mineralogy",
Short Course 27. Mineralogical Association of Canada, Ottawa 153-180
2Remond, G., Myklebust, R. Fialin, M. Nockolds, C. Phillips, M. Roques-Carmes, C. ¡§Decomposition of
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Spectra¡¨, Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
(J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol., v. 107, 509-529 (2002)
3Self, P.G., Norrish, K., Milnes, A.R., Graham, J. & Robinson, B.W. (1990): Holes in the Background in XRS. X-ray
Spectrom. 19 (2), 59-61
4Wark, DA, and Watson, EB, 2006, TitaniQ: A Titanium-in-Quartz
geothermometer: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 152:743-754,
doi: 10.1007/s00410-006-0132-308
DE: 1065 Major and trace element geochemistry
DE: 1094 Instruments and techniques
SC: Volcanology, Geochemistry, Petrology [V]
MN: 2007 Fall Meeting