HR: 15:30h
AN: A23C-04    [Abstracts]
TI: Air Pollution in São Paulo and Santiago de Chile: Sources and Impacts
AU: * Artaxo, P
EM: artaxo@if.usp.br
AF: Institute of Physics, University of sao Paulo, Rua do Matao, Travessa R, 187, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
AU: Castanho, A
EM: castanho@mit.edu
AF: Institute of Physics, University of sao Paulo, Rua do Matao, Travessa R, 187, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
AU: Oyolla, P
EM: poyola@usp.br
AF: Centro Mario Molina, Avda del Valle 662, Santiago, Chile
AU: Gramsch, E
EM: egramsch@usach.cl
AF: Physics Department, Universidad de Santiago, Avda. Ecuador 3493, Santiago, Chile
AU: Martinez, R
EM: rmartinez.rm@conama.cl
AF: CONAMA Conselho Nacional de Medio Ambiente, Moneda 970 - Piso 12, Santiago, Chile
AB: Urban air pollution is a serious issue for millions in Latin America. São Paulo, Santiago de Chile, México City and many other large urban conglomerates. Fast industrialization, large population growth, emissions from the transportation sectors and many other issues are the cause for the air pollution in these mega cities. São Paulo, with 17 million people, 5.5 million vehicles and strong industry suffers from severe particulate matter and ozone exposure. Santiago de Chile with very unfavorable dispersion characteristics also has problems with PM10 and ozone. Health effects in these areas are a public health concern. In Sao Paulo alone, about 30,000 excess deaths are attributable to air pollution issues. There are also critical institutional issues in the São Paulo metropolitan area, which has 39 municipalities, as well as three other metropolitan areas within a 100-km radius. In Santiago de Chile, a dry climate makes ressuspended soil dust an important PM10 component, and vehicle emissions produces high concentration of secondary organic aerosols. Old diesel buses make black carbon concentrations very high in Santiago. We carried out extensive aerosol source apportionment studies for several years, using PIXE as trace element analysis technique and multivariate statistical analysis to separate and quantify aerosol sources in Santiago and Sao Paulo. We will present results from 5 years studies in both Santiago and Sao Paulo. Vehicles and soil dust dominates the picture, with a strong sulfate component in Santiago de Chile.
DE: 0300 ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE
DE: 0305 Aerosols and particles (0345, 4801, 4906)
DE: 0345 Pollution: urban and regional (0305, 0478, 4251)
SC: Atmospheric Sciences [A]
MN: 2007 Joint Assembly