July 1989	VOLUME 14	NUMBER 3	IJOEDY	(ISSN 0364-9059)

NONTECHNICAL CONTENT
		Front cover and table of contents
		Back cover
EDITORIAL
Frederick H. Fisher		Earth observing system		225
PREFACE
Fawwaz T. Ulaby		Preface		226
James P. Ormsby and Gerald A. Soffen		Foreword		227
PAPERS
Louis J. Marra		Sharkbite on the SL submarine lightwave cable system: History, causes and resolution		230
Brian G. Ferguson		Improved time-delay estimates of underwater acoustic signals using beamforming and prefiltering techniques		238
Robert H. Mellen		On underwater sound scattering by surface waves		245
Pat S. DeLeonibus and Lloyd S. Simpson		Observations of the von Karman constant over open-ocean waves		248
Jin Wu		Dependence of microwave sea returns on wind-friction velocity under varied atmospheric stability conditions		254
Jonathan Bredow, Siva P. Gogineni, Anthony J. Gow, Peter F. Blanchard, and Richard K. Moore		Radar backscattering from artificially grown sea ice		259
Kenneth D. Hill, Thomas M. Dauphinee, and Donald J. Woods		The uniqueness of the Practical Salinity Scale (1978): Testing the scale with natural seawaters		265
LETTERS
D. E. Barrick, B. J. Lipa, and Kenneth E. Steele		Comments on "Theory and application of calibration techniques for an NDBC directional wave measurements buoy": Nonlinear effects		268