Timothy K. Stanton, Clarence S. Clay; Sonar echo statistics as a remote-sensing tool: Volume and seafloor, IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., vol. 11, pp. 79 - 96, January 1986.
Clarence S. Clay received the Ph.D. degree in physics from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1951.After a year of teaching physics at the University of Wyoming, Laramie, he began his transformation to geophysicist at the Carter Research Laboratory, Tulsa, OK. He moved to the Hudson Laboratories of Columbia University, New York, NY, in 1955 where he concentrated on signal theory, the use of arrays to study sound transmission in waveguides, marine seismic profiling, and a little geophysics. He began his research on the scattering of sound at rough surfaces at the Hudson Laboratories. In 1968, he became Professor of Geophysics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Interactions with students and colleagues broadened his interests to include electromagnetic soundings, magnetotelluric methods, and bioacoustics. His collaboration with Professor J. Magnuson in bioacoustic research began in 1973. Dr. Stanton joined Magnuson and Clay in 1980. They are using bioacoustics to study the north wall of the Gulf Stream.
Dr. Clay has done research in seismic models, electrical methods, marine seismic profiling, sound transmission in waveguides, and sound scattering from rough surfaces. His research from 1955 to 1976 is summarized in two books which he co-authored, Ocean Acoustics (with Tolstoy) and Acoustical Oceanography (with Medwin). Both books were translated into Russian and published by the USSR.