//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // File: DXMUTMisc.cs // // Shortcut and helper functions for using DX Code // // Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- using System; using System.IO; using System.Collections; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; using Microsoft.DirectX; using Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D; namespace Microsoft.Samples.DirectX.UtilityToolkit { #region RefWarningDialog Form internal class SwitchRefDialog : System.Windows.Forms.Form { internal const string KeyLocation = @"Software\Microsoft\DirectX 9.0 SDK\ManagedSamples"; internal const string KeyValueName = "SkipWarning"; public SwitchRefDialog(string title) { // // Required for Windows Form Designer support // InitializeComponent(); // Use the 'question' icon this.pictureBox1.Image = System.Drawing.SystemIcons.Question.ToBitmap(); // Include text this.lblInfo.Text = "Switching to the Direct3D reference rasterizer, a software device that implements the entire Direct3D feature set, but runs very slowly.\r\nDo you wish to continue?"; // UPdate title this.Text = title; } #region Windows Form Designer generated code private System.Windows.Forms.PictureBox pictureBox1; private System.Windows.Forms.Label lblInfo; private System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox chkShowAgain; private System.Windows.Forms.Button btnYes; private System.Windows.Forms.Button btnNo; /// /// Required method for Designer support - do not modify /// the contents of this method with the code editor. /// private void InitializeComponent() { this.pictureBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.PictureBox(); this.lblInfo = new System.Windows.Forms.Label(); this.chkShowAgain = new System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox(); this.btnYes = new System.Windows.Forms.Button(); this.btnNo = new System.Windows.Forms.Button(); this.StartPosition = System.Windows.Forms.FormStartPosition.CenterScreen; this.SuspendLayout(); // // pictureBox1 // this.pictureBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(16, 16); this.pictureBox1.Name = "pictureBox1"; this.pictureBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(32, 32); this.pictureBox1.SizeMode = System.Windows.Forms.PictureBoxSizeMode.AutoSize; this.pictureBox1.TabIndex = 0; this.pictureBox1.TabStop = false; // // lblInfo // this.lblInfo.FlatStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FlatStyle.System; this.lblInfo.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(64, 16); this.lblInfo.Name = "lblInfo"; this.lblInfo.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(328, 48); this.lblInfo.TabIndex = 99; // // chkShowAgain // this.chkShowAgain.FlatStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FlatStyle.System; this.chkShowAgain.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(8, 104); this.chkShowAgain.Name = "chkShowAgain"; this.chkShowAgain.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(224, 16); this.chkShowAgain.TabIndex = 2; this.chkShowAgain.Text = "&Don\'t show again"; // // btnYes // this.btnYes.DialogResult = System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.OK; this.btnYes.FlatStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FlatStyle.System; this.btnYes.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(117, 72); this.btnYes.Name = "btnYes"; this.btnYes.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(80, 24); this.btnYes.TabIndex = 0; this.btnYes.Text = "&Yes"; this.btnYes.Click += new EventHandler(OnYes); // // btnNo // this.btnNo.DialogResult = System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.Cancel; this.btnNo.FlatStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FlatStyle.System; this.btnNo.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(205, 72); this.btnNo.Name = "btnNo"; this.btnNo.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(80, 24); this.btnNo.TabIndex = 1; this.btnNo.Text = "&No"; this.btnNo.Click += new EventHandler(OnNo); // // SwitchRefDialog // this.AcceptButton = this.btnYes; this.CancelButton = this.btnNo; this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(402, 134); this.Controls.Add(this.btnNo); this.Controls.Add(this.btnYes); this.Controls.Add(this.chkShowAgain); this.Controls.Add(this.lblInfo); this.Controls.Add(this.pictureBox1); this.FormBorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FormBorderStyle.FixedDialog; this.Name = "SwitchRefDialog"; this.Text = "SampleName"; this.ResumeLayout(false); } /// /// Fired when the 'Yes' button is clicked /// private void OnYes(object sender, EventArgs e) { this.DialogResult = System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.OK; this.Close(); } /// /// Fired when the 'No' button is clicked /// private void OnNo(object sender, EventArgs e) { this.DialogResult = System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.Cancel; this.Close(); } #endregion /// /// Dialog is being dismissed, either continue the application, or shutdown. /// Save setting if required. /// protected override void OnClosed(EventArgs e) { // Is the box checked? if (chkShowAgain.Checked) { using(Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey key = Microsoft.Win32.Registry.CurrentUser.CreateSubKey(KeyLocation)) { key.SetValue(KeyValueName, (int)1); } } } } #endregion #region Native Methods /// /// Will hold native methods which are interop'd /// public class NativeMethods { #region Win32 User Messages / Structures /// Window messages public enum WindowMessage : uint { // Misc messages Destroy = 0x0002, Close = 0x0010, Quit = 0x0012, Paint = 0x000F, SetCursor = 0x0020, ActivateApplication = 0x001C, EnterMenuLoop = 0x0211, ExitMenuLoop = 0x0212, NonClientHitTest = 0x0084, PowerBroadcast = 0x0218, SystemCommand = 0x0112, GetMinMax = 0x0024, // Keyboard messages KeyDown = 0x0100, KeyUp = 0x0101, Character = 0x0102, SystemKeyDown = 0x0104, SystemKeyUp = 0x0105, SystemCharacter = 0x0106, // Mouse messages MouseMove = 0x0200, LeftButtonDown = 0x0201, LeftButtonUp = 0x0202, LeftButtonDoubleClick = 0x0203, RightButtonDown = 0x0204, RightButtonUp = 0x0205, RightButtonDoubleClick = 0x0206, MiddleButtonDown = 0x0207, MiddleButtonUp = 0x0208, MiddleButtonDoubleClick = 0x0209, MouseWheel = 0x020a, XButtonDown = 0x020B, XButtonUp = 0x020c, XButtonDoubleClick = 0x020d, MouseFirst = LeftButtonDown, // Skip mouse move, it happens a lot and there is another message for that MouseLast = XButtonDoubleClick, // Sizing EnterSizeMove = 0x0231, ExitSizeMove = 0x0232, Size = 0x0005, } /// Mouse buttons public enum MouseButtons { Left = 0x0001, Right = 0x0002, Middle = 0x0010, Side1 = 0x0020, Side2 = 0x0040, } /// Windows Message [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct Message { public IntPtr hWnd; public WindowMessage msg; public IntPtr wParam; public IntPtr lParam; public uint time; public System.Drawing.Point p; } /// MinMax Info structure [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct MinMaxInformation { public System.Drawing.Point reserved; public System.Drawing.Point MaxSize; public System.Drawing.Point MaxPosition; public System.Drawing.Point MinTrackSize; public System.Drawing.Point MaxTrackSize; } /// Monitor Info structure [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct MonitorInformation { public uint Size; // Size of this structure public System.Drawing.Rectangle MonitorRectangle; public System.Drawing.Rectangle WorkRectangle; public uint Flags; // Possible flags } #endregion #region Windows API calls [System.Security.SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurity] // We won't use this maliciously [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("winmm.dll")] public static extern IntPtr timeBeginPeriod(uint period); [System.Security.SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurity] // We won't use this maliciously [DllImport("kernel32")] public static extern bool QueryPerformanceFrequency(ref long PerformanceFrequency); [System.Security.SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurity] // We won't use this maliciously [DllImport("kernel32")] public static extern bool QueryPerformanceCounter(ref long PerformanceCount); [System.Security.SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurity] // We won't use this maliciously [DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Auto)] public static extern bool GetMonitorInfo(IntPtr hWnd, ref MonitorInformation info); [System.Security.SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurity] // We won't use this maliciously [DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Auto)] public static extern IntPtr MonitorFromWindow(IntPtr hWnd, uint flags); [System.Security.SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurity] // We won't use this maliciously [DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Auto)] public static extern short GetAsyncKeyState(uint key); [System.Security.SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurity] // We won't use this maliciously [DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Auto)] public static extern IntPtr SetCapture(IntPtr handle); [System.Security.SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurity] // We won't use this maliciously [DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Auto)] public static extern bool ReleaseCapture(); [System.Security.SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurity] // We won't use this maliciously [DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Auto)] public static extern int GetCaretBlinkTime(); [System.Security.SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurity] // We won't use this maliciously [DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Auto)] public static extern bool PeekMessage(out Message msg, IntPtr hWnd, uint messageFilterMin, uint messageFilterMax, uint flags); #endregion #region Class Methods private NativeMethods() {} // No creation /// Returns the low word public static short LoWord(uint l) { return (short)(l & 0xffff); } /// Returns the high word public static short HiWord(uint l) { return (short)(l >> 16); } /// Makes two shorts into a long public static uint MakeUInt32(short l, short r) { return (uint)((l & 0xffff) | ((r & 0xffff) << 16)); } /// Is this key down right now public static bool IsKeyDown(System.Windows.Forms.Keys key) { return (GetAsyncKeyState((int)System.Windows.Forms.Keys.ShiftKey) & 0x8000) != 0; } #endregion } #endregion #region Timer public class FrameworkTimer { #region Instance Data private static bool isUsingQPF; private static bool isTimerStopped; private static long ticksPerSecond; private static long stopTime; private static long lastElapsedTime; private static long baseTime; #endregion #region Creation private FrameworkTimer() { } // No creation /// /// Static creation routine /// static FrameworkTimer() { isTimerStopped = true; ticksPerSecond = 0; stopTime = 0; lastElapsedTime = 0; baseTime = 0; // Use QueryPerformanceFrequency to get frequency of the timer isUsingQPF = NativeMethods.QueryPerformanceFrequency(ref ticksPerSecond); } #endregion /// /// Resets the timer /// public static void Reset() { if (!isUsingQPF) return; // Nothing to do // Get either the current time or the stop time long time = 0; if (stopTime != 0) time = stopTime; else NativeMethods.QueryPerformanceCounter(ref time); baseTime = time; lastElapsedTime = time; stopTime = 0; isTimerStopped = false; } /// /// Starts the timer /// public static void Start() { if (!isUsingQPF) return; // Nothing to do // Get either the current time or the stop time long time = 0; if (stopTime != 0) time = stopTime; else NativeMethods.QueryPerformanceCounter(ref time); if (isTimerStopped) baseTime += (time - stopTime); stopTime = 0; lastElapsedTime = time; isTimerStopped = false; } /// /// Stop (or pause) the timer /// public static void Stop() { if (!isUsingQPF) return; // Nothing to do if (!isTimerStopped) { // Get either the current time or the stop time long time = 0; if (stopTime != 0) time = stopTime; else NativeMethods.QueryPerformanceCounter(ref time); stopTime = time; lastElapsedTime = time; isTimerStopped = true; } } /// /// Advance the timer a tenth of a second /// public static void Advance() { if (!isUsingQPF) return; // Nothing to do stopTime += ticksPerSecond / 10; } /// /// Get the absolute system time /// public static double GetAbsoluteTime() { if (!isUsingQPF) return -1.0; // Nothing to do // Get either the current time or the stop time long time = 0; if (stopTime != 0) time = stopTime; else NativeMethods.QueryPerformanceCounter(ref time); double absolueTime = time / (double)ticksPerSecond; return absolueTime; } /// /// Get the current time /// public static double GetTime() { if (!isUsingQPF) return -1.0; // Nothing to do // Get either the current time or the stop time long time = 0; if (stopTime != 0) time = stopTime; else NativeMethods.QueryPerformanceCounter(ref time); double appTime = (double)(time - baseTime) / (double)ticksPerSecond; return appTime; } /// /// get the time that elapsed between GetElapsedTime() calls /// public static double GetElapsedTime() { if (!isUsingQPF) return -1.0; // Nothing to do // Get either the current time or the stop time long time = 0; if (stopTime != 0) time = stopTime; else NativeMethods.QueryPerformanceCounter(ref time); double elapsedTime = (double)(time - lastElapsedTime) / (double)ticksPerSecond; lastElapsedTime = time; return elapsedTime; } /// /// Returns true if timer stopped /// public static bool IsStopped { get { return isTimerStopped; } } } #endregion #region Resource Cache /// Information about a cached texture struct CachedTexture { public string Source; // Data source public int Width; public int Height; public int Depth; public int MipLevels; public Usage Usage; public Format Format; public Pool Pool; public ResourceType Type; } /// Information about a cached effect struct CachedEffect { public string Source; // Data source public ShaderFlags Flags; } /// /// Will be a resource cache for any resources that may be required by a sample /// This class will be 'static' /// public class ResourceCache { #region Creation private ResourceCache() { } // Don't allow creation private static ResourceCache localObject = null; public static ResourceCache GetGlobalInstance() { if (localObject == null) localObject = new ResourceCache(); return localObject; } #endregion protected Hashtable textureCache = new Hashtable(); // Cache of textures protected Hashtable effectCache = new Hashtable(); // Cache of effects protected Hashtable fontCache = new Hashtable(); // Cache of fonts #region Cache Creation Methods /// Create a texture from a file public Texture CreateTextureFromFile(Device device, string filename) { return CreateTextureFromFileEx(device, filename, D3DX.Default, D3DX.Default, D3DX.Default, Usage.None, Format.Unknown, Pool.Managed, (Filter)D3DX.Default, (Filter)D3DX.Default, 0); } /// Create a texture from a file public Texture CreateTextureFromFileEx(Device device, string filename, int w, int h, int mip, Usage usage, Format fmt, Pool pool, Filter filter, Filter mipfilter, int colorkey) { // Search the cache first foreach(CachedTexture ct in textureCache.Keys) { if ( (string.Compare(ct.Source, filename, true) == 0) && ct.Width == w && ct.Height == h && ct.MipLevels == mip && ct.Usage == usage && ct.Format == fmt && ct.Pool == pool && ct.Type == ResourceType.Textures) { // A match was found, return that return textureCache[ct] as Texture; } } // No matching entry, load the resource and add it to the cache Texture t = TextureLoader.FromFile(device, filename, w, h, mip, usage, fmt, pool, filter, mipfilter, colorkey); CachedTexture entry = new CachedTexture(); entry.Source = filename; entry.Width = w; entry.Height = h; entry.MipLevels = mip; entry.Usage = usage; entry.Format = fmt; entry.Pool = pool; entry.Type = ResourceType.Textures; textureCache.Add(entry, t); return t; } /// Create a cube texture from a file public CubeTexture CreateCubeTextureFromFile(Device device, string filename) { return CreateCubeTextureFromFileEx(device, filename, D3DX.Default, D3DX.Default, Usage.None, Format.Unknown, Pool.Managed, (Filter)D3DX.Default, (Filter)D3DX.Default, 0); } /// Create a cube texture from a file public CubeTexture CreateCubeTextureFromFileEx(Device device, string filename, int size, int mip, Usage usage, Format fmt, Pool pool, Filter filter, Filter mipfilter, int colorkey) { // Search the cache first foreach(CachedTexture ct in textureCache.Keys) { if ( (string.Compare(ct.Source, filename, true) == 0) && ct.Width == size && ct.MipLevels == mip && ct.Usage == usage && ct.Format == fmt && ct.Pool == pool && ct.Type == ResourceType.CubeTexture) { // A match was found, return that return textureCache[ct] as CubeTexture; } } // No matching entry, load the resource and add it to the cache CubeTexture t = TextureLoader.FromCubeFile(device, filename, size, mip, usage, fmt, pool, filter, mipfilter, colorkey); CachedTexture entry = new CachedTexture(); entry.Source = filename; entry.Width = size; entry.MipLevels = mip; entry.Usage = usage; entry.Format = fmt; entry.Pool = pool; entry.Type = ResourceType.CubeTexture; textureCache.Add(entry, t); return t; } /// Create a volume texture from a file public VolumeTexture CreateVolumeTextureFromFile(Device device, string filename) { return CreateVolumeTextureFromFileEx(device, filename, D3DX.Default, D3DX.Default, D3DX.Default, D3DX.Default, Usage.None, Format.Unknown, Pool.Managed, (Filter)D3DX.Default, (Filter)D3DX.Default, 0); } /// Create a volume texture from a file public VolumeTexture CreateVolumeTextureFromFileEx(Device device, string filename, int w, int h, int d, int mip, Usage usage, Format fmt, Pool pool, Filter filter, Filter mipfilter, int colorkey) { // Search the cache first foreach(CachedTexture ct in textureCache.Keys) { if ( (string.Compare(ct.Source, filename, true) == 0) && ct.Width == w && ct.Height == h && ct.Depth == d && ct.MipLevels == mip && ct.Usage == usage && ct.Format == fmt && ct.Pool == pool && ct.Type == ResourceType.VolumeTexture) { // A match was found, return that return textureCache[ct] as VolumeTexture; } } // No matching entry, load the resource and add it to the cache VolumeTexture t = TextureLoader.FromVolumeFile(device, filename, w, h, d, mip, usage, fmt, pool, filter, mipfilter, colorkey); CachedTexture entry = new CachedTexture(); entry.Source = filename; entry.Width = w; entry.Height = h; entry.Depth = d; entry.MipLevels = mip; entry.Usage = usage; entry.Format = fmt; entry.Pool = pool; entry.Type = ResourceType.VolumeTexture; textureCache.Add(entry, t); return t; } /// Create an effect from a file public Effect CreateEffectFromFile(Device device, string filename, Macro[] defines, Include includeFile, ShaderFlags flags, EffectPool effectPool, out string errors) { // No errors at first! errors = string.Empty; // Search the cache first foreach(CachedEffect ce in effectCache.Keys) { if ( (string.Compare(ce.Source, filename, true) == 0) && ce.Flags == flags) { // A match was found, return that return effectCache[ce] as Effect; } } // Nothing found in the cache Effect e = Effect.FromFile(device, filename, defines, includeFile, null, flags, effectPool, out errors); // Add this to the cache CachedEffect entry = new CachedEffect(); entry.Flags = flags; entry.Source = filename; effectCache.Add(entry, e); // Return the new effect return e; } /// Create an effect from a file public Effect CreateEffectFromFile(Device device, string filename, Macro[] defines, Include includeFile, ShaderFlags flags, EffectPool effectPool) { string temp; return CreateEffectFromFile(device, filename, defines, includeFile, flags, effectPool, out temp); } /// Create a font object public Font CreateFont(Device device, int height, int width, FontWeight weight, int mip, bool italic, CharacterSet charSet, Precision outputPrecision, FontQuality quality, PitchAndFamily pandf, string fontName) { // Create the font description FontDescription desc = new FontDescription(); desc.Height = height; desc.Width = width; desc.Weight = weight; desc.MipLevels = mip; desc.IsItalic = italic; desc.CharSet = charSet; desc.OutputPrecision = outputPrecision; desc.Quality = quality; desc.PitchAndFamily = pandf; desc.FaceName = fontName; // return the font return CreateFont(device, desc); } /// Create a font object public Font CreateFont(Device device, FontDescription desc) { // Search the cache first foreach(FontDescription fd in fontCache.Keys) { if ( (string.Compare(fd.FaceName, desc.FaceName, true) == 0) && fd.CharSet == desc.CharSet && fd.Height == desc.Height && fd.IsItalic == desc.IsItalic && fd.MipLevels == desc.MipLevels && fd.OutputPrecision == desc.OutputPrecision && fd.PitchAndFamily == desc.PitchAndFamily && fd.Quality == desc.Quality && fd.Weight == desc.Weight && fd.Width == desc.Width) { // A match was found, return that return fontCache[fd] as Font; } } // Couldn't find anything in the cache, create one Font f = new Font(device, desc); // Create a new entry fontCache.Add(desc, f); // return the new font return f; } #endregion #region Device event callbacks /// /// Called when the device is created /// public void OnCreateDevice(Device device) {} // Nothing to do on device create /// /// Called when the device is reset /// public void OnResetDevice(Device device) { // Call OnResetDevice on all effect and font objects foreach(Font f in fontCache.Values) f.OnResetDevice(); foreach(Effect e in effectCache.Values) e.OnResetDevice(); } /// /// Clear any resources that need to be lost /// public void OnLostDevice() { foreach(Font f in fontCache.Values) f.OnLostDevice(); foreach(Effect e in effectCache.Values) e.OnLostDevice(); // Search the texture cache foreach(CachedTexture ct in textureCache.Keys) { if (ct.Pool == Pool.Default) { // A match was found, get rid of it switch(ct.Type) { case ResourceType.Textures: (textureCache[ct] as Texture).Dispose(); break; case ResourceType.CubeTexture: (textureCache[ct] as CubeTexture).Dispose();break; case ResourceType.VolumeTexture: (textureCache[ct] as VolumeTexture).Dispose();break; } } } } /// /// Destroy any resources and clear the caches /// public void OnDestroyDevice() { // Cleanup the fonts foreach(Font f in fontCache.Values) f.Dispose(); // Cleanup the effects foreach(Effect e in effectCache.Values) e.Dispose(); // Dispose of any items in the caches foreach(BaseTexture texture in textureCache.Values) { if (texture != null) texture.Dispose(); } // Clear all of the caches textureCache.Clear(); fontCache.Clear(); effectCache.Clear(); } #endregion } #endregion #region Arcball /// /// Class holds arcball data /// public class ArcBall { #region Instance Data protected Matrix rotation; // Matrix for arc ball's orientation protected Matrix translation; // Matrix for arc ball's position protected Matrix translationDelta; // Matrix for arc ball's position protected int width; // arc ball's window width protected int height; // arc ball's window height protected Vector2 center; // center of arc ball protected float radius; // arc ball's radius in screen coords protected float radiusTranslation; // arc ball's radius for translating the target protected Quaternion downQuat; // Quaternion before button down protected Quaternion nowQuat; // Composite quaternion for current drag protected bool isDragging; // Whether user is dragging arc ball protected System.Drawing.Point lastMousePosition; // position of last mouse point protected Vector3 downPt; // starting point of rotation arc protected Vector3 currentPt; // current point of rotation arc #endregion #region Simple Properties /// Gets the rotation matrix public Matrix RotationMatrix { get { return rotation = Matrix.RotationQuaternion(nowQuat); } } /// Gets the translation matrix public Matrix TranslationMatrix { get { return translation; } } /// Gets the translation delta matrix public Matrix TranslationDeltaMatrix { get { return translationDelta; } } /// Gets the dragging state public bool IsBeingDragged { get { return isDragging; } } /// Gets or sets the current quaternion public Quaternion CurrentQuaternion { get { return nowQuat; } set { nowQuat = value; } } #endregion // Class methods /// /// Create new instance of the arcball class /// public ArcBall() { Reset(); downPt = Vector3.Empty; currentPt = Vector3.Empty; System.Windows.Forms.Form active = System.Windows.Forms.Form.ActiveForm; if (active != null) { System.Drawing.Rectangle rect = active.ClientRectangle; SetWindow(rect.Width, rect.Height); } } /// /// Resets the arcball /// public void Reset() { downQuat = Quaternion.Identity; nowQuat = Quaternion.Identity; rotation = Matrix.Identity; translation = Matrix.Identity; translationDelta = Matrix.Identity; isDragging = false; radius = 1.0f; radiusTranslation = 1.0f; } /// /// Convert a screen point to a vector /// public Vector3 ScreenToVector(float screenPointX, float screenPointY) { float x = -(screenPointX - width / 2.0f) / (radius * width/2.0f); float y = (screenPointY - height / 2.0f) / (radius * height/2.0f); float z = 0.0f; float mag = (x*x) + (y*y); if (mag > 1.0f) { float scale = 1.0f / (float)Math.Sqrt(mag); x *= scale; y *= scale; } else z = (float)Math.Sqrt(1.0f - mag); return new Vector3(x,y,z); } /// /// Set window paramters /// public void SetWindow(int w, int h, float r) { width = w; height = h; radius = r; center = new Vector2(w / 2.0f, h / 2.0f); } public void SetWindow(int w, int h) { SetWindow(w,h,0.9f); // default radius } /// /// Computes a quaternion from ball points /// public static Quaternion QuaternionFromBallPoints(Vector3 from, Vector3 to) { float dot = Vector3.Dot(from, to); Vector3 part = Vector3.Cross(from, to); return new Quaternion(part.X, part.Y, part.Z, dot); } /// /// Begin the arcball 'dragging' /// public void OnBegin(int x, int y) { isDragging = true; downQuat = nowQuat; downPt = ScreenToVector((float)x, (float)y); } /// /// The arcball is 'moving' /// public void OnMove(int x, int y) { if (isDragging) { currentPt = ScreenToVector((float)x, (float)y); nowQuat = downQuat * QuaternionFromBallPoints(downPt, currentPt); } } /// /// Done dragging the arcball /// public void OnEnd() { isDragging = false; } /// /// Handle messages from the window /// public bool HandleMessages(IntPtr hWnd, NativeMethods.WindowMessage msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam) { // Current mouse position short mouseX = NativeMethods.LoWord((uint)lParam.ToInt32()); short mouseY = NativeMethods.HiWord((uint)lParam.ToInt32()); switch(msg) { case NativeMethods.WindowMessage.LeftButtonDown: case NativeMethods.WindowMessage.LeftButtonDoubleClick: // Set capture NativeMethods.SetCapture(hWnd); OnBegin(mouseX, mouseY); return true; case NativeMethods.WindowMessage.LeftButtonUp: // Release capture NativeMethods.ReleaseCapture(); OnEnd(); return true; case NativeMethods.WindowMessage.RightButtonDown: case NativeMethods.WindowMessage.RightButtonDoubleClick: case NativeMethods.WindowMessage.MiddleButtonDown: case NativeMethods.WindowMessage.MiddleButtonDoubleClick: // Set capture NativeMethods.SetCapture(hWnd); // Store off the position of the cursor lastMousePosition = new System.Drawing.Point(mouseX, mouseY); return true; case NativeMethods.WindowMessage.RightButtonUp: case NativeMethods.WindowMessage.MiddleButtonUp: // Release capture NativeMethods.ReleaseCapture(); return true; case NativeMethods.WindowMessage.MouseMove: short buttonState = NativeMethods.LoWord((uint)wParam.ToInt32()); bool leftButton = ((buttonState & (short)NativeMethods.MouseButtons.Left) != 0); bool rightButton = ((buttonState & (short)NativeMethods.MouseButtons.Right) != 0); bool middleButton = ((buttonState & (short)NativeMethods.MouseButtons.Middle) != 0); if (leftButton) { OnMove(mouseX, mouseY); } else if (rightButton || middleButton) { // Normalize based on size of window and bounding sphere radius float deltaX = (lastMousePosition.X - mouseX) * radiusTranslation / width; float deltaY = (lastMousePosition.Y - mouseY) * radiusTranslation / height; if (rightButton) { translationDelta = Matrix.Translation(-2*deltaX,2*deltaY, 0.0f); translation *= translationDelta; } else // Middle button { translationDelta = Matrix.Translation(0.0f, 0.0f, 5*deltaY); translation *= translationDelta; } // Store off the position of the cursor lastMousePosition = new System.Drawing.Point(mouseX, mouseY); } return true; } return false; } } #endregion #region Cameras /// /// Used to map keys to the camera /// public enum CameraKeys : byte { StrafeLeft, StrafeRight, MoveForward, MoveBackward, MoveUp, MoveDown, Reset, ControlDown, MaxKeys, Unknown=0xff } /// /// Mouse button mask values /// [Flags] public enum MouseButtonMask : byte { None = 0, Left = 0x01, Middle = 0x02, Right = 0x04, Wheel = 0x08, } /// /// Simple base camera class that moves and rotates. The base class /// records mouse and keyboard input for use by a derived class, and /// keeps common state. /// public abstract class Camera { /// /// Maps NativeMethods.WindowMessage.Key* msg to a camera key /// protected static CameraKeys MapKey(IntPtr param) { System.Windows.Forms.Keys key = (System.Windows.Forms.Keys)param.ToInt32(); switch(key) { case System.Windows.Forms.Keys.ControlKey: return CameraKeys.ControlDown; case System.Windows.Forms.Keys.Left: return CameraKeys.StrafeLeft; case System.Windows.Forms.Keys.Right: return CameraKeys.StrafeRight; case System.Windows.Forms.Keys.Up: return CameraKeys.MoveForward; case System.Windows.Forms.Keys.Down: return CameraKeys.MoveBackward; case System.Windows.Forms.Keys.Prior: return CameraKeys.MoveUp; // pgup case System.Windows.Forms.Keys.Next: return CameraKeys.MoveDown; // pgdn case System.Windows.Forms.Keys.A: return CameraKeys.StrafeLeft; case System.Windows.Forms.Keys.D: return CameraKeys.StrafeRight; case System.Windows.Forms.Keys.W: return CameraKeys.MoveForward; case System.Windows.Forms.Keys.S: return CameraKeys.MoveBackward; case System.Windows.Forms.Keys.Q: return CameraKeys.MoveUp; case System.Windows.Forms.Keys.E: return CameraKeys.MoveDown; case System.Windows.Forms.Keys.NumPad4: return CameraKeys.StrafeLeft; case System.Windows.Forms.Keys.NumPad6: return CameraKeys.StrafeRight; case System.Windows.Forms.Keys.NumPad8: return CameraKeys.MoveForward; case System.Windows.Forms.Keys.NumPad2: return CameraKeys.MoveBackward; case System.Windows.Forms.Keys.NumPad9: return CameraKeys.MoveUp; case System.Windows.Forms.Keys.NumPad3: return CameraKeys.MoveDown; case System.Windows.Forms.Keys.Home: return CameraKeys.Reset; } // No idea return (CameraKeys)byte.MaxValue; } #region Instance Data protected Matrix viewMatrix; // View Matrix protected Matrix projMatrix; // Projection matrix protected System.Drawing.Point lastMousePosition; // Last absolute position of mouse cursor protected bool isMouseLButtonDown; // True if left button is down protected bool isMouseMButtonDown; // True if middle button is down protected bool isMouseRButtonDown; // True if right button is down protected int currentButtonMask; // mask of which buttons are down protected int mouseWheelDelta; // Amount of middle wheel scroll (+/-) protected Vector2 mouseDelta; // Mouse relative delta smoothed over a few frames protected float framesToSmoothMouseData; // Number of frames to smooth mouse data over protected Vector3 defaultEye; // Default camera eye position protected Vector3 defaultLookAt; // Default LookAt position protected Vector3 eye; // Camera eye position protected Vector3 lookAt; // LookAt position protected float cameraYawAngle; // Yaw angle of camera protected float cameraPitchAngle; // Pitch angle of camera protected System.Drawing.Rectangle dragRectangle; // Rectangle within which a drag can be initiated. protected Vector3 velocity; // Velocity of camera protected bool isMovementDrag; // If true, then camera movement will slow to a stop otherwise movement is instant protected Vector3 velocityDrag; // Velocity drag force protected float dragTimer; // Countdown timer to apply drag protected float totalDragTimeToZero; // Time it takes for velocity to go from full to 0 protected Vector2 rotationVelocity; // Velocity of camera protected float fieldOfView; // Field of view protected float aspectRatio; // Aspect ratio protected float nearPlane; // Near plane protected float farPlane; // Far plane protected float rotationScaler; // Scaler for rotation protected float moveScaler; // Scaler for movement protected bool isInvertPitch; // Invert the pitch axis protected bool isEnablePositionMovement; // If true, then the user can translate the camera/model protected bool isEnableYAxisMovement; // If true, then camera can move in the y-axis protected bool isClipToBoundary; // If true, then the camera will be clipped to the boundary protected Vector3 minBoundary; // Min point in clip boundary protected Vector3 maxBoundary; // Max point in clip boundary protected bool isResetCursorAfterMove;// If true, the class will reset the cursor position so that the cursor always has space to move // State of the input protected bool[] keys; public static readonly Vector3 UpDirection = new Vector3(0,1,0); #endregion #region Simple Properties /// Is the camera being 'dragged' at all? public bool IsBeingDragged { get { return (isMouseLButtonDown || isMouseMButtonDown || isMouseRButtonDown); } } /// Is the left mouse button down public bool IsMouseLeftButtonDown { get { return isMouseLButtonDown; } } /// Is the right mouse button down public bool IsMouseRightButtonDown { get { return isMouseRButtonDown; } } /// Is the middle mouse button down public bool IsMouseMiddleButtonDown { get { return isMouseMButtonDown; } } /// Returns the view transformation matrix public Matrix ViewMatrix { get { return viewMatrix; } } /// Returns the projection transformation matrix public Matrix ProjectionMatrix { get { return projMatrix; } } /// Returns the location of the eye public Vector3 EyeLocation { get { return eye; } } /// Returns the look at point of the camera public Vector3 LookAtPoint { get { return lookAt; } } /// Is position movement enabled public bool IsPositionMovementEnabled { get {return isEnablePositionMovement; } set { isEnablePositionMovement = value; } } #endregion /// /// Abstract method to control camera during frame move /// public abstract void FrameMove(float elapsedTime); /// /// Constructor for the base camera class (Sets up camera defaults) /// protected Camera() { // Create the keys keys = new bool[(int)CameraKeys.MaxKeys]; // Set attributes for the view matrix eye = Vector3.Empty; lookAt = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); // Setup the view matrix SetViewParameters(eye, lookAt); // Setup the projection matrix SetProjectionParameters((float)Math.PI / 4, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1000.0f); // Store mouse information lastMousePosition = System.Windows.Forms.Cursor.Position; isMouseLButtonDown = false; isMouseRButtonDown = false; isMouseMButtonDown = false; mouseWheelDelta = 0; currentButtonMask = 0; // Setup camera rotations cameraYawAngle = 0.0f; cameraPitchAngle = 0.0f; dragRectangle = new System.Drawing.Rectangle(0, 0, int.MaxValue, int.MaxValue); velocity = Vector3.Empty; isMovementDrag = false; velocityDrag = Vector3.Empty; dragTimer = 0.0f; totalDragTimeToZero = 0.25f; rotationVelocity = Vector2.Empty; rotationScaler = 0.1f; moveScaler = 5.0f; isInvertPitch = false; isEnableYAxisMovement = true; isEnablePositionMovement = true; mouseDelta = Vector2.Empty; framesToSmoothMouseData = 2.0f; isClipToBoundary = false; minBoundary = new Vector3(-1.0f,-1.0f, -1.0f); maxBoundary = new Vector3(1,1,1); isResetCursorAfterMove = false; } /// /// Call this from your message proc so this class can handle window messages /// public virtual bool HandleMessages(IntPtr hWnd, NativeMethods.WindowMessage msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam) { switch(msg) { // Handle the keyboard case NativeMethods.WindowMessage.KeyDown: CameraKeys mappedKeyDown = MapKey(wParam); if (mappedKeyDown != (CameraKeys)byte.MaxValue) { // Valid key was pressed, mark it as 'down' keys[(int)mappedKeyDown] = true; } break; case NativeMethods.WindowMessage.KeyUp: CameraKeys mappedKeyUp = MapKey(wParam); if (mappedKeyUp != (CameraKeys)byte.MaxValue) { // Valid key was let go, mark it as 'up' keys[(int)mappedKeyUp] = false; } break; // Handle the mouse case NativeMethods.WindowMessage.LeftButtonDoubleClick: case NativeMethods.WindowMessage.LeftButtonDown: case NativeMethods.WindowMessage.RightButtonDoubleClick: case NativeMethods.WindowMessage.RightButtonDown: case NativeMethods.WindowMessage.MiddleButtonDoubleClick: case NativeMethods.WindowMessage.MiddleButtonDown: { // Compute the drag rectangle in screen coord. System.Drawing.Point cursor = new System.Drawing.Point( NativeMethods.LoWord((uint)lParam.ToInt32()), NativeMethods.HiWord((uint)lParam.ToInt32())); // Update the variable state if ( ((msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.LeftButtonDown) || (msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.LeftButtonDoubleClick) ) && dragRectangle.Contains(cursor) ) { isMouseLButtonDown = true; currentButtonMask |= (int)MouseButtonMask.Left; } if ( ((msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.MiddleButtonDown) || (msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.MiddleButtonDoubleClick) ) && dragRectangle.Contains(cursor) ) { isMouseMButtonDown = true; currentButtonMask |= (int)MouseButtonMask.Middle; } if ( ((msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.RightButtonDown) || (msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.RightButtonDoubleClick) ) && dragRectangle.Contains(cursor) ) { isMouseRButtonDown = true; currentButtonMask |= (int)MouseButtonMask.Right; } // Capture the mouse, so if the mouse button is // released outside the window, we'll get the button up messages NativeMethods.SetCapture(hWnd); lastMousePosition = System.Windows.Forms.Cursor.Position; return true; } case NativeMethods.WindowMessage.LeftButtonUp: case NativeMethods.WindowMessage.RightButtonUp: case NativeMethods.WindowMessage.MiddleButtonUp: { // Update member var state if (msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.LeftButtonUp) { isMouseLButtonDown = false; currentButtonMask &= ~(int)MouseButtonMask.Left; } if (msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.RightButtonUp) { isMouseRButtonDown = false; currentButtonMask &= ~(int)MouseButtonMask.Right; } if (msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.MiddleButtonUp) { isMouseMButtonDown = false; currentButtonMask &= ~(int)MouseButtonMask.Middle; } // Release the capture if no mouse buttons are down if (!isMouseLButtonDown && !isMouseMButtonDown && !isMouseRButtonDown) { NativeMethods.ReleaseCapture(); } } break; // Handle the mouse wheel case NativeMethods.WindowMessage.MouseWheel: mouseWheelDelta = NativeMethods.HiWord((uint)wParam.ToInt32()) / 120; break; } return false; } /// /// Reset the camera's position back to the default /// public virtual void Reset() { SetViewParameters(defaultEye, defaultLookAt); } /// /// Client can call this to change the position and direction of camera /// public unsafe virtual void SetViewParameters(Vector3 eyePt, Vector3 lookAtPt) { // Store the data defaultEye = eye = eyePt; defaultLookAt = lookAt = lookAtPt; // Calculate the view matrix viewMatrix = Matrix.LookAtLH(eye, lookAt, UpDirection); // Get the inverted matrix Matrix inverseView = Matrix.Invert(viewMatrix); // The axis basis vectors and camera position are stored inside the // position matrix in the 4 rows of the camera's world matrix. // To figure out the yaw/pitch of the camera, we just need the Z basis vector Vector3* pZBasis = (Vector3*)&inverseView.M31; cameraYawAngle = (float)Math.Atan2(pZBasis->X, pZBasis->Z); float len = (float)Math.Sqrt(pZBasis->Z * pZBasis->Z + pZBasis->X * pZBasis->X); cameraPitchAngle = -(float)Math.Atan2(pZBasis->Y, len); } /// /// Calculates the projection matrix based on input params /// public virtual void SetProjectionParameters(float fov, float aspect, float near, float far) { // Set attributes for the projection matrix fieldOfView = fov; aspectRatio = aspect; nearPlane = near; farPlane = far; projMatrix = Matrix.PerspectiveFovLH(fov, aspect, near, far); } /// /// Figure out the mouse delta based on mouse movement /// protected void UpdateMouseDelta(float elapsedTime) { // Get the current mouse position System.Drawing.Point current = System.Windows.Forms.Cursor.Position; // Calculate how far it's moved since the last frame System.Drawing.Point delta = new System.Drawing.Point(current.X - lastMousePosition.X, current.Y - lastMousePosition.Y); // Record the current position for next time lastMousePosition = current; if (isResetCursorAfterMove) { // Set position of camera to center of desktop, // so it always has room to move. This is very useful // if the cursor is hidden. If this isn't done and cursor is hidden, // then invisible cursor will hit the edge of the screen // and the user can't tell what happened System.Windows.Forms.Screen activeScreen = System.Windows.Forms.Screen.PrimaryScreen; System.Drawing.Point center = new System.Drawing.Point(activeScreen.Bounds.Width / 2, activeScreen.Bounds.Height / 2); System.Windows.Forms.Cursor.Position = center; lastMousePosition = center; } // Smooth the relative mouse data over a few frames so it isn't // jerky when moving slowly at low frame rates. float percentOfNew = 1.0f / framesToSmoothMouseData; float percentOfOld = 1.0f - percentOfNew; mouseDelta.X = mouseDelta.X*percentOfNew + delta.X*percentOfNew; mouseDelta.Y = mouseDelta.Y*percentOfNew + delta.Y*percentOfNew; rotationVelocity = mouseDelta * rotationScaler; } /// /// Figure out the velocity based on keyboard input & drag if any /// protected void UpdateVelocity(float elapsedTime) { Vector3 accel = Vector3.Empty; if (isEnablePositionMovement) { // Update acceleration vector based on keyboard state if (keys[(int)CameraKeys.MoveForward]) accel.Z += 1.0f; if (keys[(int)CameraKeys.MoveBackward]) accel.Z -= 1.0f; if (isEnableYAxisMovement) { if (keys[(int)CameraKeys.MoveUp]) accel.Y += 1.0f; if (keys[(int)CameraKeys.MoveDown]) accel.Y -= 1.0f; } if (keys[(int)CameraKeys.StrafeRight]) accel.X += 1.0f; if (keys[(int)CameraKeys.StrafeLeft]) accel.X -= 1.0f; } // Normalize vector so if moving 2 dirs (left & forward), // the camera doesn't move faster than if moving in 1 dir accel.Normalize(); // Scale the acceleration vector accel *= moveScaler; if (isMovementDrag) { // Is there any acceleration this frame? if (accel.LengthSq() > 0) { // If so, then this means the user has pressed a movement key // so change the velocity immediately to acceleration // upon keyboard input. This isn't normal physics // but it will give a quick response to keyboard input velocity = accel; dragTimer = totalDragTimeToZero; velocityDrag = accel * (1 / dragTimer); } else { // If no key being pressed, then slowly decrease velocity to 0 if (dragTimer > 0) { velocity -= (velocityDrag * elapsedTime); dragTimer -= elapsedTime; } else { // Zero velocity velocity = Vector3.Empty; } } } else { // No drag, so immediately change the velocity velocity = accel; } } /// /// Clamps V to lie inside boundaries /// protected void ConstrainToBoundary(ref Vector3 v) { // Constrain vector to a bounding box v.X = Math.Max(v.X, minBoundary.X); v.Y = Math.Max(v.Y, minBoundary.Y); v.Z = Math.Max(v.Z, minBoundary.Z); v.X = Math.Min(v.X, maxBoundary.X); v.Y = Math.Min(v.Y, maxBoundary.Y); v.Z = Math.Min(v.Z, maxBoundary.Z); } } /// /// Simple first person camera class that moves and rotates. /// It allows yaw and pitch but not roll. It uses keyboard and /// cursor to respond to keyboard and mouse input and updates the /// view matrix based on input. /// public class FirstPersonCamera : Camera { // Mask to determine which button to enable for rotation protected int activeButtonMask = (int)(MouseButtonMask.Left | MouseButtonMask.Middle | MouseButtonMask.Right); // World matrix of the camera (inverse of the view matrix) protected Matrix cameraWorld; /// /// Update the view matrix based on user input & elapsed time /// public override void FrameMove(float elapsedTime) { // Reset the camera if necessary if (keys[(int)CameraKeys.Reset]) Reset(); // Get the mouse movement (if any) if the mouse buttons are down if ((activeButtonMask & currentButtonMask) != 0) UpdateMouseDelta(elapsedTime); // Get amount of velocity based on the keyboard input and drag (if any) UpdateVelocity(elapsedTime); // Simple euler method to calculate position delta Vector3 posDelta = velocity * elapsedTime; // If rotating the camera if ((activeButtonMask & currentButtonMask) != 0) { // Update the pitch & yaw angle based on mouse movement float yawDelta = rotationVelocity.X; float pitchDelta = rotationVelocity.Y; // Invert pitch if requested if (isInvertPitch) pitchDelta = -pitchDelta; cameraPitchAngle += pitchDelta; cameraYawAngle += yawDelta; // Limit pitch to straight up or straight down cameraPitchAngle = Math.Max(-(float)Math.PI/2.0f, cameraPitchAngle); cameraPitchAngle = Math.Min(+(float)Math.PI/2.0f, cameraPitchAngle); } // Make a rotation matrix based on the camera's yaw & pitch Matrix cameraRotation = Matrix.RotationYawPitchRoll(cameraYawAngle, cameraPitchAngle, 0 ); // Transform vectors based on camera's rotation matrix Vector3 localUp = new Vector3(0,1,0); Vector3 localAhead = new Vector3(0,0,1); Vector3 worldUp = Vector3.TransformCoordinate(localUp, cameraRotation); Vector3 worldAhead = Vector3.TransformCoordinate(localAhead, cameraRotation); // Transform the position delta by the camera's rotation Vector3 posDeltaWorld = Vector3.TransformCoordinate(posDelta, cameraRotation); if (!isEnableYAxisMovement) posDeltaWorld.Y = 0.0f; // Move the eye position eye += posDeltaWorld; if (isClipToBoundary) ConstrainToBoundary(ref eye); // Update the lookAt position based on the eye position lookAt = eye + worldAhead; // Update the view matrix viewMatrix = Matrix.LookAtLH(eye, lookAt, worldUp); cameraWorld = Matrix.Invert(viewMatrix); } /// /// Enable or disable each of the mouse buttons for rotation drag. /// public void SetRotationButtons(bool left, bool middle, bool right) { activeButtonMask = (left ? (int)MouseButtonMask.Left : 0) | (middle ? (int)MouseButtonMask.Middle : 0) | (right ? (int)MouseButtonMask.Right : 0); } } /// /// Simple model viewing camera class that rotates around the object. /// public class ModelViewerCamera : Camera { #region Instance Data protected ArcBall worldArcball = new ArcBall(); protected ArcBall viewArcball = new ArcBall(); protected Vector3 modelCenter; protected Matrix lastModelRotation; // Last arcball rotation matrix for model protected Matrix lastCameraRotation; // Last rotation matrix for camera protected Matrix modelRotation; // Rotation matrix of model protected Matrix world; // World Matrix of model protected int rotateModelButtonMask; protected int zoomButtonMask; protected int rotateCameraButtonMask; protected bool isPitchLimited; protected float radius; // Distance from the camera to model protected float defaultRadius; // Distance from the camera to model protected float minRadius; // Min radius protected float maxRadius; // Max radius protected bool attachCameraToModel; #endregion #region Simple Properties/Set Methods /// The minimum radius public float MinimumRadius { get { return minRadius; } set { minRadius = value; } } /// The maximum radius public float MaximumRadius { get { return maxRadius; } set { maxRadius = value; } } /// Gets the world matrix public Matrix WorldMatrix { get { return world; } } /// Sets the world quat public void SetWorldQuat(Quaternion q) { worldArcball.CurrentQuaternion = q; } /// Sets the view quat public void SetViewQuat(Quaternion q) { viewArcball.CurrentQuaternion = q; } /// Sets whether the pitch is limited or not public void SetIsPitchLimited(bool limit) { isPitchLimited = limit; } /// Sets the model's center public void SetModelCenter(Vector3 c) { modelCenter = c; } /// Sets radius public void SetRadius(float r, float min, float max) { radius = defaultRadius = r; minRadius = min; maxRadius = max;} /// Sets radius public void SetRadius(float r) { defaultRadius = r; minRadius = 1.0f; maxRadius = float.MaxValue;} /// Sets arcball window public void SetWindow(int w, int h, float r) { worldArcball.SetWindow(w,h,r); viewArcball.SetWindow(w,h,r); } /// Sets arcball window public void SetWindow(int w, int h) { worldArcball.SetWindow(w,h,0.9f); viewArcball.SetWindow(w,h,0.9f); } /// Sets button masks public void SetButtonMasks(int rotateModel, int zoom, int rotateCamera) { rotateCameraButtonMask = rotateCamera; zoomButtonMask = zoom; rotateModelButtonMask = rotateModel; } /// Is the camera attached to a model public bool IsAttachedToModel { get { return attachCameraToModel; } set { attachCameraToModel = value; } } #endregion /// /// Creates new instance of the model viewer camera /// public ModelViewerCamera() { world = Matrix.Identity; modelRotation = Matrix.Identity; lastModelRotation = Matrix.Identity; lastCameraRotation = Matrix.Identity; modelCenter = Vector3.Empty; radius = 5.0f; defaultRadius = 5.0f; minRadius = 1.0f; maxRadius = float.MaxValue; isPitchLimited = false; isEnablePositionMovement = false; attachCameraToModel = false; // Set button masks rotateModelButtonMask = (int)MouseButtonMask.Left; zoomButtonMask = (int)MouseButtonMask.Wheel; rotateCameraButtonMask = (int)MouseButtonMask.Right; } /// /// Update the view matrix based on user input & elapsed time /// public unsafe override void FrameMove(float elapsedTime) { // Reset the camera if necessary if (keys[(int)CameraKeys.Reset]) Reset(); // Get the mouse movement (if any) if the mouse buttons are down if (currentButtonMask != 0) UpdateMouseDelta(elapsedTime); // Get amount of velocity based on the keyboard input and drag (if any) UpdateVelocity(elapsedTime); // Simple euler method to calculate position delta Vector3 posDelta = velocity * elapsedTime; // Change the radius from the camera to the model based on wheel scrolling if ( (mouseWheelDelta != 0) && (zoomButtonMask == (int)MouseButtonMask.Wheel) ) radius -= mouseWheelDelta * radius * 0.1f; radius = Math.Min( maxRadius, radius ); radius = Math.Max( minRadius, radius ); mouseWheelDelta = 0; // Get the inverse of the arcball's rotation matrix Matrix cameraRotation = Matrix.Invert(viewArcball.RotationMatrix); // Transform vectors based on camera's rotation matrix Vector3 localUp = new Vector3(0,1,0); Vector3 localAhead = new Vector3(0,0,1); Vector3 worldUp = Vector3.TransformCoordinate(localUp, cameraRotation); Vector3 worldAhead = Vector3.TransformCoordinate(localAhead, cameraRotation); // Transform the position delta by the camera's rotation Vector3 posDeltaWorld = Vector3.TransformCoordinate(posDelta, cameraRotation); // Move the lookAt position lookAt += posDeltaWorld; if (isClipToBoundary) ConstrainToBoundary(ref lookAt); // Update the eye point based on a radius away from the lookAt position eye = lookAt - worldAhead * radius; // Update the view matrix viewMatrix = Matrix.LookAtLH(eye, lookAt, worldUp); Matrix invView = Matrix.Invert(viewMatrix); invView.M41 = invView.M42 = invView.M43 = 0; Matrix modelLastRotInv = Matrix.Invert(lastModelRotation); // Accumulate the delta of the arcball's rotation in view space. // Note that per-frame delta rotations could be problematic over long periods of time. Matrix localModel = worldArcball.RotationMatrix; modelRotation *= viewMatrix * modelLastRotInv * localModel * invView; if ( viewArcball.IsBeingDragged && attachCameraToModel && !keys[(int)CameraKeys.ControlDown]) { // Attah camera to model by inverse of the model rotation Matrix cameraRotInv = Matrix.Invert(lastCameraRotation); Matrix delta = cameraRotInv * cameraRotation; // local to world matrix modelRotation *= delta; } lastCameraRotation = cameraRotation; lastModelRotation = localModel; // Since we're accumulating delta rotations, we need to orthonormalize // the matrix to prevent eventual matrix skew fixed(void* pxBasis = &modelRotation.M11) { fixed(void* pyBasis = &modelRotation.M21) { fixed(void* pzBasis = &modelRotation.M31) { UnsafeNativeMethods.Vector3.Normalize((Vector3*)pxBasis, (Vector3*)pxBasis); UnsafeNativeMethods.Vector3.Cross((Vector3*)pyBasis, (Vector3*)pzBasis, (Vector3*)pxBasis); UnsafeNativeMethods.Vector3.Normalize((Vector3*)pyBasis, (Vector3*)pyBasis); UnsafeNativeMethods.Vector3.Cross((Vector3*)pzBasis, (Vector3*)pxBasis, (Vector3*)pyBasis); } } } // Translate the rotation matrix to the same position as the lookAt position modelRotation.M41 = lookAt.X; modelRotation.M42 = lookAt.Y; modelRotation.M43 = lookAt.Z; // Translate world matrix so its at the center of the model Matrix trans = Matrix.Translation(-modelCenter.X, -modelCenter.Y, -modelCenter.Z); world = trans * modelRotation; } /// /// Reset the camera's position back to the default /// public override void Reset() { base.Reset(); world = Matrix.Identity; modelRotation = Matrix.Identity; lastModelRotation = Matrix.Identity; lastCameraRotation = Matrix.Identity; radius = defaultRadius; worldArcball.Reset(); viewArcball.Reset(); } /// /// Override for setting the view parameters /// public override void SetViewParameters(Vector3 eyePt, Vector3 lookAtPt) { // Call base first base.SetViewParameters (eyePt, lookAtPt); // Propogate changes to the member arcball Matrix rotation = Matrix.LookAtLH(eyePt, lookAtPt, UpDirection); viewArcball.CurrentQuaternion = Quaternion.RotationMatrix(rotation); // Set the radius according to the distance Vector3 eyeToPoint = lookAtPt - eyePt; SetRadius(eyeToPoint.Length()); } /// /// Call this from your message proc so this class can handle window messages /// public override bool HandleMessages(IntPtr hWnd, NativeMethods.WindowMessage msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam) { // Call base first base.HandleMessages(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam); if ( ( (msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.LeftButtonDown || msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.LeftButtonDoubleClick) && ((rotateModelButtonMask & (int)MouseButtonMask.Left) != 0 ) ) || ( (msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.RightButtonDown || msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.RightButtonDoubleClick) && ((rotateModelButtonMask & (int)MouseButtonMask.Right) != 0 ) ) || ( (msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.MiddleButtonDown || msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.MiddleButtonDoubleClick) && ((rotateModelButtonMask & (int)MouseButtonMask.Middle) != 0 ) ) ) { // Current mouse position short mouseX = NativeMethods.LoWord((uint)lParam.ToInt32()); short mouseY = NativeMethods.HiWord((uint)lParam.ToInt32()); worldArcball.OnBegin(mouseX, mouseY); } if ( ( (msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.LeftButtonDown || msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.LeftButtonDoubleClick) && ((rotateCameraButtonMask & (int)MouseButtonMask.Left) != 0 ) ) || ( (msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.RightButtonDown || msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.RightButtonDoubleClick) && ((rotateCameraButtonMask & (int)MouseButtonMask.Right) != 0 ) ) || ( (msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.MiddleButtonDown || msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.MiddleButtonDoubleClick) && ((rotateCameraButtonMask & (int)MouseButtonMask.Middle) != 0 ) ) ) { // Current mouse position short mouseX = NativeMethods.LoWord((uint)lParam.ToInt32()); short mouseY = NativeMethods.HiWord((uint)lParam.ToInt32()); viewArcball.OnBegin(mouseX, mouseY); } if (msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.MouseMove) { // Current mouse position short mouseX = NativeMethods.LoWord((uint)lParam.ToInt32()); short mouseY = NativeMethods.HiWord((uint)lParam.ToInt32()); worldArcball.OnMove(mouseX, mouseY); viewArcball.OnMove(mouseX, mouseY); } if ( (msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.LeftButtonUp) && ((rotateModelButtonMask & (int)MouseButtonMask.Left) != 0 ) || (msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.RightButtonUp) && ((rotateModelButtonMask & (int)MouseButtonMask.Right) != 0 ) || (msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.MiddleButtonUp) && ((rotateModelButtonMask & (int)MouseButtonMask.Middle) != 0 ) ) { worldArcball.OnEnd(); } if ( (msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.LeftButtonUp) && ((rotateCameraButtonMask & (int)MouseButtonMask.Left) != 0 ) || (msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.RightButtonUp) && ((rotateCameraButtonMask & (int)MouseButtonMask.Right) != 0 ) || (msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.MiddleButtonUp) && ((rotateCameraButtonMask & (int)MouseButtonMask.Middle) != 0 ) ) { viewArcball.OnEnd(); } return false; } } #endregion #region Text Helper /// /// Manages the intertion point when drawing text /// public struct TextHelper { private Font textFont; // Used to draw the text private Sprite textSprite; // Used to cache the drawn text private int color; // Color to draw the text private System.Drawing.Point point; // Where to draw the text private int lineHeight; // Height of the lines /// /// Create a new instance of the text helper class /// public TextHelper(Font f, Sprite s, int l) { textFont = f; textSprite = s; lineHeight = l; color = unchecked((int)0xffffffff); point = System.Drawing.Point.Empty; } /// /// Draw a line of text /// public void DrawTextLine(string text) { if (textFont == null) { throw new InvalidOperationException("You cannot draw text. There is no font object."); } // Create the rectangle to draw to System.Drawing.Rectangle rect = new System.Drawing.Rectangle(point, System.Drawing.Size.Empty); textFont.DrawText(textSprite, text, rect, DrawTextFormat.NoClip, color); // Increase the line height point.Y += lineHeight; } /// /// Draw a line of text /// public void DrawTextLine(string text, params object[] args) { // Simply format the string and pass it on DrawTextLine(string.Format(text, args)); } /// /// Insertion point of the text /// public void SetInsertionPoint(System.Drawing.Point p) { point = p; } public void SetInsertionPoint(int x, int y) { point.X = x; point.Y = y; } /// /// The color of the text /// public void SetForegroundColor(int c) { color = c; } public void SetForegroundColor(System.Drawing.Color c) { color = c.ToArgb(); } /// /// Begin the sprite rendering /// public void Begin() { if (textSprite != null) { textSprite.Begin(SpriteFlags.AlphaBlend | SpriteFlags.SortTexture); } } /// /// End the sprite /// public void End() { if (textSprite != null) { textSprite.End(); } } } #endregion #region Utility /// /// Misc utility functionality /// public class Utility { // Constants for search folders private const string CurrentFolder = @".\"; private const string MediaPath = @"Media\"; // Typical folder locations // .\ // ..\ // ..\..\ // %EXE_DIR%\ // %EXE_DIR%\..\ // %EXE_DIR%\..\..\ // %EXE_DIR%\..\%EXE_NAME% // %EXE_DIR%\..\..\%EXE_NAME% // DXSDK media path private static readonly string[] TypicalFolders = new string[] { CurrentFolder, @"..\", @"..\..\", @"{0}\", @"{0}\..\", @"{0}\..\..\", @"{0}\..\{1}\", @"{0}\..\..\{1}\" }; private Utility() { /* Private Constructor */ } /// /// Returns a valid path to a DXSDK media file /// /// Initial path to search /// Filename we're searching for /// Full path to the file public static string FindMediaFile(string filename) { // Find out the executing assembly information System.Reflection.Assembly executingAssembly = System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly(); // Now check the typical folders, before you can do that you'll need to get // the executable name string exeName = System.IO.Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(executingAssembly.Location); // And the executable folder string exeFolder = System.IO.Path.GetDirectoryName(executingAssembly.Location); string filePath; // Now you can search the typical folders if (SearchTypicalFolders(filename, exeFolder, exeName, out filePath)) { return filePath; } // The file wasn't found again, search the folders with \media on them // Now you can search the typical folders if (SearchTypicalFolders(filename + MediaPath, exeFolder, exeName, out filePath)) { return filePath; } // We still haven't found the file yet, we should search the parents folders now if (SearchParentFolders(filename, CurrentFolder, "", out filePath)) { return filePath; } // We still haven't found the file yet, now search from the exe folder if (SearchParentFolders(filename, exeFolder, exeName, out filePath)) { return filePath; } // We still haven't found the file yet, we should search the parents folders now, but append media if (SearchParentFolders(filename, CurrentFolder, MediaPath, out filePath)) { return filePath; } // We still haven't found the file yet, now search from the exe folder and append media if (SearchParentFolders(filename, exeFolder, AppendDirectorySeparator(exeName) + MediaPath, out filePath)) { return filePath; } // We still haven't found the file yet, the built samples are prefixed with 'cs', so see if that's the case if (exeName.ToLower().StartsWith("cs")) { // Build the new exe name by stripping off the 'cs' prefix and doing the searches again string newExeName = exeName.Substring(2, exeName.Length - 2); if (SearchParentFolders(filename, exeFolder, newExeName, out filePath)) { return filePath; } // We still haven't found the file yet, now search from the exe folder and append media if (SearchParentFolders(filename, exeFolder, AppendDirectorySeparator(newExeName) + MediaPath, out filePath)) { return filePath; } } // Before throwing an exception, girst check to see if the file exists as is if (File.Exists(filename)) { return filename; } throw new MediaNotFoundException(); } /// /// Will search the typical list of folders for the file first /// /// File we are looking for /// Folder of the executable /// Name of the executable /// Returned path if file is found. /// true if the file was found; false otherwise private static bool SearchTypicalFolders(string filename, string exeFolder, string exeName, out string fullPath) { // First scan through each typical folder and see if we found the file for (int i = 0; i < TypicalFolders.Length; i++) { try { FileInfo info = new FileInfo(string.Format(TypicalFolders[i], exeFolder, exeName) + filename); if (info.Exists) { fullPath = info.FullName; return true; } } catch(NotSupportedException) { // This exception will be fired if the filename is not supported continue; } } // We never found any of the files fullPath = string.Empty; return false; } /// /// Will search the parents of files looking for media /// /// File we are looking for /// Folder of the executable /// Name of the executable /// Returned path if file is found. /// true if the file was found; false otherwise private static bool SearchParentFolders(string filename, string rootNode, string leafName, out string fullPath) { // Set the out parameter first fullPath = string.Empty; try { // Search the root node first FileInfo info = new FileInfo( AppendDirectorySeparator(rootNode) + AppendDirectorySeparator(leafName) + filename); if (info.Exists) { fullPath = info.FullName; return true; } } catch(NotSupportedException) { // The arguments passed in are not supported, fail now return false; } // Are we in the root yet? DirectoryInfo dir = new DirectoryInfo(rootNode); if (dir.Parent != null) { return SearchParentFolders(filename, dir.Parent.FullName, leafName, out fullPath); } else { // We never found any of the files return false; } } /// /// Returns a valid string with a directory separator at the end. /// public static string AppendDirectorySeparator(string pathName) { if (!pathName.EndsWith(@"\")) return pathName + @"\"; return pathName; } /// Returns the view matrix for a cube map face public static Matrix GetCubeMapViewMatrix(CubeMapFace face) { Vector3 vEyePt = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); Vector3 vLookDir = new Vector3(); Vector3 vUpDir = new Vector3(); switch (face) { case CubeMapFace.PositiveX: vLookDir = new Vector3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); vUpDir = new Vector3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); break; case CubeMapFace.NegativeX: vLookDir = new Vector3(-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); vUpDir = new Vector3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); break; case CubeMapFace.PositiveY: vLookDir = new Vector3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); vUpDir = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f,-1.0f); break; case CubeMapFace.NegativeY: vLookDir = new Vector3(0.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f); vUpDir = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); break; case CubeMapFace.PositiveZ: vLookDir = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); vUpDir = new Vector3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); break; case CubeMapFace.NegativeZ: vLookDir = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f,-1.0f); vUpDir = new Vector3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); break; } // Set the view transform for this cubemap surface Matrix matView = Matrix.LookAtLH(vEyePt, vLookDir, vUpDir); return matView; } /// Returns the view matrix for a cube map face public static Matrix GetCubeMapViewMatrix(int face) { return GetCubeMapViewMatrix((CubeMapFace)face); } private static bool firstTime = true; /// /// Displays the switching to ref device warning, and allows user to quit if they don't want to /// public static void DisplaySwitchingToRefWarning(Framework framework, string sampleTitle) { if (framework.IsShowingMsgBoxOnError) { // Read the registry key to see if the warning should be skipped int skipWarning = 0; try { using(Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey key = Microsoft.Win32.Registry.CurrentUser.CreateSubKey(SwitchRefDialog.KeyLocation)) { skipWarning = (int)key.GetValue(SwitchRefDialog.KeyValueName, (int)0); } } catch { } // Ignore any errors if ( (skipWarning == 0) && (firstTime) ) // Show dialog { firstTime = false; using (SwitchRefDialog dialog = new SwitchRefDialog(sampleTitle)) { System.Windows.Forms.Application.Run(dialog); if (dialog.DialogResult == System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.Cancel) { // Shutdown the application framework.Dispose(); } } } } } } #endregion #region Widgets #region Direction Widget /// Widget for controlling direction public class DirectionWidget { #region Class level data (Instance/Static) // Instance members private float widgetRadius = 1.0f; private ArcBall arc = new ArcBall(); private Vector3 defaultDir = new Vector3(0,1,0); private Vector3 currentDir = new Vector3(0,1,0); private Matrix viewMatrix = Matrix.Identity; private Matrix rotation = Matrix.Identity; private Matrix rotationSnapshot = Matrix.Identity; private MouseButtonMask rotateMask = MouseButtonMask.Right; // Static members private static Device device = null; private static Effect effect = null; private static Mesh mesh = null; #endregion #region Properties /// Radius of this widget public float Radius { get { return widgetRadius; } set { widgetRadius = value; } } /// Light direction of this widget public Vector3 LightDirection { get { return currentDir; } set { currentDir = defaultDir = value; } } /// Is this widget being dragged public bool IsBeingDragged{ get { return arc.IsBeingDragged; } } /// Rotation button mask public MouseButtonMask RotateButtonMask{ get { return rotateMask; } set { rotateMask = value; }} #endregion #region Device handlers /// Called when the device has been created public static void OnCreateDevice(Device device) { // Store the device DirectionWidget.device = device; // Read the effect file string path = Utility.FindMediaFile("UI\\DXUTShared.fx"); // If this fails, there should be debug output as to // why the .fx file failed to compile (assuming you have dbmon running). // If you do not, you can turn on unmanaged debugging for this project. effect = Effect.FromFile(device, path, null, null, ShaderFlags.NotCloneable, null); // Load the mesh with D3DX and get back a Mesh. For this // sample we'll ignore the X file's embedded materials since we know // exactly the model we're loading. See the mesh samples such as // "OptimizedMesh" for a more generic mesh loading example. path = Utility.FindMediaFile("UI\\arrow.x"); mesh = Mesh.FromFile(path, MeshFlags.Managed, device); // Optimize the mesh for this graphics card's vertex cache // so when rendering the mesh's triangle list the vertices will // cache hit more often so it won't have to re-execute the vertex shader // on those vertices so it will improve perf. int[] adj = new int[mesh.NumberFaces * 3]; mesh.GenerateAdjacency(1e-6f, adj); mesh.OptimizeInPlace(MeshFlags.OptimizeVertexCache, adj); } /// Called when the device has been reset public void OnResetDevice(SurfaceDescription desc) { arc.SetWindow(desc.Width, desc.Height); } /// Called when the device has been lost public static void OnLostDevice() { if (effect != null) effect.OnLostDevice(); } /// Called when the device has been destroyed public static void OnDestroyDevice() { if (effect != null) effect.Dispose(); if (mesh != null) mesh.Dispose(); effect = null; mesh = null; } #endregion /// Handle messages from the window public bool HandleMessages(IntPtr hWnd, NativeMethods.WindowMessage msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam) { // Current mouse position short mouseX = NativeMethods.LoWord((uint)lParam.ToInt32()); short mouseY = NativeMethods.HiWord((uint)lParam.ToInt32()); switch(msg) { case NativeMethods.WindowMessage.LeftButtonDown: case NativeMethods.WindowMessage.MiddleButtonDown: case NativeMethods.WindowMessage.RightButtonDown: { if ( ((rotateMask & MouseButtonMask.Left) == MouseButtonMask.Left && msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.LeftButtonDown) || ((rotateMask & MouseButtonMask.Right) == MouseButtonMask.Right && msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.RightButtonDown) || ((rotateMask & MouseButtonMask.Middle) == MouseButtonMask.Middle && msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.MiddleButtonDown) ) { arc.OnBegin(mouseX, mouseY); NativeMethods.SetCapture(hWnd); } return true; } case NativeMethods.WindowMessage.MouseMove: { if (arc.IsBeingDragged) { arc.OnMove(mouseX, mouseY); UpdateLightDirection(); } return true; } case NativeMethods.WindowMessage.LeftButtonUp: case NativeMethods.WindowMessage.RightButtonUp: case NativeMethods.WindowMessage.MiddleButtonUp: { if ( ((rotateMask & MouseButtonMask.Left) == MouseButtonMask.Left && msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.LeftButtonUp) || ((rotateMask & MouseButtonMask.Right) == MouseButtonMask.Right && msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.RightButtonUp) || ((rotateMask & MouseButtonMask.Middle) == MouseButtonMask.Middle && msg == NativeMethods.WindowMessage.MiddleButtonUp) ) { arc.OnEnd(); NativeMethods.ReleaseCapture(); } UpdateLightDirection(); return true; } } // Didn't handle the message return false; } /// Updates the light direction private unsafe void UpdateLightDirection() { Matrix invView = Matrix.Invert(viewMatrix); invView.M41 = invView.M42 = invView.M43 = 0; Matrix lastRotationInv = Matrix.Invert(rotationSnapshot); Matrix rot = arc.RotationMatrix; rotationSnapshot = rot; // Accumulate the delta of the arcball's rotation in view space. // Note that per-frame delta rotations could be problematic over long periods of time. rotation *= (viewMatrix * lastRotationInv * rot * invView); // Since we're accumulating delta rotations, we need to orthonormalize // the matrix to prevent eventual matrix skew fixed(void* pxBasis = &rotation.M11) { fixed(void* pyBasis = &rotation.M21) { fixed(void* pzBasis = &rotation.M31) { UnsafeNativeMethods.Vector3.Normalize((Vector3*)pxBasis, (Vector3*)pxBasis); UnsafeNativeMethods.Vector3.Cross((Vector3*)pyBasis, (Vector3*)pzBasis, (Vector3*)pxBasis); UnsafeNativeMethods.Vector3.Normalize((Vector3*)pyBasis, (Vector3*)pyBasis); UnsafeNativeMethods.Vector3.Cross((Vector3*)pzBasis, (Vector3*)pxBasis, (Vector3*)pyBasis); } } } // Transform the default direction vector by the light's rotation matrix currentDir = Vector3.TransformNormal(defaultDir, rotation); } /// Render the light widget public unsafe void OnRender(ColorValue color, Matrix view, Matrix proj, Vector3 eye) { // Store the view matrix viewMatrix = view; // Render the light arrows so the user can visually see the light direction effect.Technique = "RenderWith1LightNoTexture"; effect.SetValue("g_MaterialDiffuseColor", color); Vector3 eyePt = Vector3.Normalize(eye); // Set the light direction value effect.SetValue("g_LightDir", &eyePt, sizeof(Vector3)); // Rotate arrow model to point towards origin Vector3 at = Vector3.Empty; Vector3 up = new Vector3(0,1,0); Matrix rotateB = Matrix.RotationX((float)Math.PI); Matrix rotateA = Matrix.LookAtLH(currentDir, at, up); rotateA.Invert(); Matrix rotate = rotateB * rotateA; Vector3 l = currentDir * widgetRadius * 1.0f; Matrix trans = Matrix.Translation(l); Matrix scale = Matrix.Scaling(widgetRadius * 0.2f, widgetRadius * 0.2f, widgetRadius * 0.2f); Matrix world = rotate * scale * trans; Matrix worldViewProj = world * viewMatrix * proj; effect.SetValue("g_mWorldViewProjection", worldViewProj); effect.SetValue("g_mWorld", world); // Render the arrows for (int subset = 0; subset < 2; subset++) { int passes = effect.Begin(0); for (int pass = 0; pass < passes; pass++) { effect.BeginPass(pass); mesh.DrawSubset(subset); effect.EndPass(); } effect.End(); } } } #endregion #endregion }